天然材料在丝织品文物清洗保护中的应用综述  

The application of natural materials in cleaning excavated silk textiles

作　　者：何俊[1] 彭志勤[1] 周旸 赵丰 杨海亮 温会涛[1,4] 胡智文[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学先进纺织材料与制备技术教育部重点实验室,浙江杭州310018 [2]中国丝绸博物馆,浙江杭州310002 [3]纺织品文物保护国家文物局重点科研基地,浙江杭州310002 [4]杭州泛林科技有限公司,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《文物保护与考古科学》2013年第2期83-93,共11页Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology

基　　金：浙江省文物保护科技项目资助(1101343-M)

摘　　要：以古鉴今,为发掘古代传统清洗方法中的科学、合理成分,解决现代化学洗涤剂清洗丝织品文物产生的易损伤、易残留、污染大的问题;简要回顾了皂苷、淀粉等植物活性成分,胰子、油脂等动物提取物,草木灰、天然碱等矿物质以及微生物酶等天然材料在古代日常清洗和古书画清洗中的应用记载;并简单介绍了天然材料在清洗丝织品文物血迹、脂肪等有机污染物、微生物霉斑、矿物质类无机污染物上的应用进展。清洗效果评估说明,天然材料对丝织品文物的损伤小,适用于其清洗保护,是对丝织品文物清洗保护的一个重大进步。A review on natural materials such as the saponins, starch and other active ingredients of plant, pancre- as, grease and other animal extracts, plant ash, natural alkali and other minerals and microbial enzymes, which were historically applied in cleaning calligraphy and paintings. This research provides a brief introduction to the natural materials which have been applied in the cleaning of excavated silk textiles such as contaminated by blood stains, fat and other organic pollutants, microbial mildew spot and inorganic contaminants. The cleaning results showed that natural materials is safe and effective for cleaning excavated silk textiles. The natural materials for cleaning didn＇t damage the textiles and is considered to be environmentally friendly. Their application is a signifi- cant progress in the protection of excavated silk textiles.

关 键 词：天然材料 丝织品文物 清洗 洗涤剂 

分 类 号：K854.3[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]