乌鲁木齐大气黑碳气溶胶浓度变化特征及影响因素分析  

Change Character of Black Carbon Concentration in Atmosphere in Urumqi and the Effect Factors

作　　者：刘新春[1,2] 钟玉婷[1,2] 何清[1,2] 杨兴华[1,2] 艾力.买买提明 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所新疆树木年轮生态实验室/中国气象局树木轮年轮理化研究重点开放实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆塔中841000

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2013年第3期36-42,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：中国沙漠气象科学研究基金(Sqj2012011);中国自然科学基金项目(41175017;41175140)共同资助

摘　　要：利用乌鲁木齐大气成分观测站2009年11月—2010年2月（2009年冬季）黑碳气溶胶（BC）质量浓度观测资料,同时结合该站观测的PM数据以及国内外其它地区的BC观测结果,分析了该地区黑碳气溶胶的变化特征及影响因素。结果表明：（1）BC日平均浓度为12.442±5.407μg.m-3,其变化范围为2.685~26.691μg.m-3。BC质量浓度与API指数的变化趋势基本一致,相关系数为0.660。（2）BC浓度的日变化具有明显的双峰值特征,其峰值区主要出现在上午和夜间,谷值区出现在凌晨和下午。逐日分布具有2~3 d到数天不等的急剧上升的变化,与天气过程活动周期基本吻合。（3）周一至周四BC平均浓度呈总体降低趋势,周五开始逐渐增加,总体的变化幅度不大,工作日和周末差别较小。（4）BC小时平均浓度出现频数符合对数正态分布,冬季本底浓度为6.146μg.m-3。（5）BC与PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0日平均浓度在0.001水平上均呈正相关,线性相关系数分别为0.526,0.538和0.548;BC在PM10,PM2.5,PM1.0中分别约占6.8%,8.2%和9.2%,表明BC是PM的重要组成部分。（6）乌鲁木齐城市冬季BC气溶胶浓度高于国内外部分城市,明显高于较为洁净的边远地区,远高于瓦里关本底站及南极观测的结果。Based on Black Carbon aerosol（BC） observations from the atmospheric composition observatory in Urumqi from December of 2009 to February of 2010,considering the PM observations and the BC research findings in other areas,the Black Carbon aerosol（BC）variation and its einfluencing factors were studied.The result shows as follows.The daily average concentration of BC was 12.442±5.407 μg.m-3 with the range 2.685～26.691 μg.m-3 in winter in Urumqi.The variation trend of BC was close to API with the correlation coefficient 0.660.In addition,the daily variation of BC concentration was characterized by obvious two peaks during in winter with the highest concentration at forenoon and nighttime and the lowest at wee hours and afternoon.There were sharp increase from 2～3 days to several days,which was coincident with the weather activities.The weekly variation of BC concentration decreased from Monday to Thursday and increased from Friday to Sunday with a little tendency,while the difference between working days and weekend was unobvious.The frequency of BC hourly average concentration was consistent with lognormal distribution in winter,and the background concentration was 6.146 μg.m-3.The variation trend of BC was close to that of daily average concentration of PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0 at the level of 0.001 with the correlation coefficient 0.526,0.538 and 0.548;and BC in PM10,PM2.5 and PM1.0,respectively were about 6.8%,8.2% and 9.2%,which indicated that BC was an important component of PM.BC concentration of Urumqi was higher compared with other cities in China and abroad in winter,significantly higher than that in the relatively clean remote areas such as Waliguan Global Atmospheric Baseline Observatory and South Pole.

关 键 词：黑碳气溶胶 大气污染 变化特征 冬季 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：P426.616[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]