中熟超高产大豆品种的花荚形成及时空分布  

Formation and Space-time Distribution of Flowers and Pods for Mid-mature Super-high-yielding Soybeans

作　　者：章建新[1] 贾珂珂[1] 艾红玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《大豆科学》2013年第3期316-320,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31060179)

摘　　要：田间观察比较了7个中熟大豆品种(系)花、荚形成过程及其时空分布和产量的差异。结果表明:在高密度(32.8万～35.0万株.hm-2)条件下,品种(系)间产量的差异主要是由于单位面积成花数、腔/花比值和荚腔数的差异导致;中熟超高产大豆品种(系)黑农61、10-46、11-109获得5 802.0～5 954.6 kg.hm-2产量的成花数为1 893.8×104～3 027.6×104个.hm-2,腔/花比值为0.87～1.33,腔数为2 511.2×104～2 646.6×104个.hm-2,结实率为85.5%～90.5%,粒数为2 256.6×104～2 275.0×104个.hm-2;均表现出中、下部节的花数分布较多,中、上部节的荚腔数分布较多,单株花期为21～27 d,开花高峰期在6月9日;荚期为24 d,结荚高峰期在6月19～27日,在结荚高峰期单株同时有6～10个节成荚,单株花荚期35 d。在高密度条件下,控制中部节间长度,增加植株中、上部节的成花数、提高腔/花比值,保证单位面积荚腔数是实现中熟大豆品种超高产的技术关键。Flowers and pods play an important role for the yield formation of soybean. Seven mid-mature soybean varieties （lines） were field planted and the space-time distribution of flowers and pods were systematically observed. Under the planting density between 32.8×104and 35.0×104 plants per hectare,yield level among varieties were mainly attributed to the differ- ence of flowers,ratio of cavitiy to flower and pods per unit area. To obtain the yield level of 5 802.0-5 954.6 kg·ha-1, the flowers,cavities, seeds per hectare for mid-mature super-high-yielding varities （lines） Heinong61,10-46 and 11-109 were 1 893.8 × 104-3 027.6× 104 ,2 511.2× 104-2 646.6× 104 and 2 256.6 ×10^4-2 275.0 × 104 ,respectively,with the cavity to flower ratio of 0.87-1. 33 and seed setting rate of 85.5% -90.5%. Flowers were mainly distributed in the middle and lower part ,while pod cavities concentrated in the middle and upper section. Flowering for single plant maintained 21 to 27 days and peaked at 9th June. Pod setting peaked at 19th-2th June, with 6-10 nodes forming pods simultaneously. The duration of flowering and podding were 35 days. Under higher planting density conditions, to enhance the yield of mid-mature soybeans, the key cul- tivation measure is controlling the inter-node length of middle stem, increasing flowers and ratio of cavity to flower in the mid- die-upper section of plant, improving the ratio of the cavity and flower, so as to improve pod cavities oer unit area.

关 键 词：大豆 超高产 中熟品种 花荚 时空分布 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]