特异水稻脆茎突变体生物学特性及生物质降解效率的研究  

Studies on Biological Characterization of Rice Brittle Culm Mutants and Their Biomass Degradation Efficiency

作　　者：冯永清 邹维华 李丰成 张晶 张会 谢国生 涂媛苑 路铁刚[2] 彭良才[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学作物遗传改良国家重点实验室,华中农业大学生物质与生物能源研究中心,华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070 [2]中国农业科学院生物技术研究所,农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081 [3]华中农业大学生命科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2013年第3期77-83,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：农业部转基因科技重大专项(2009ZX08009-119B);教育部国家外国专家局高等学校学科创新引智计划项目(B08032);国家自然科学基金项目(31100140);中国博士后科学基金项目(20090460964)资助

摘　　要：水稻脆茎突变体是一种重要的种质资源。为研究该突变体在能源作物培育中的利用潜力,比较分析了10个突变体及其野生型品种日本晴(NPB)在物理特性、细胞壁组成、农艺性状、生物质降解效率等方面的差异。结果表明:水稻脆茎突变体生长发育正常,但茎秆抗张力和株高低于NPB;茎秆细胞壁纤维素含量降低,半纤维素含量增高,木质素含量增加不显著。细胞壁合成关键基因转录水平的变化与细胞壁组成一致。此外,水稻脆茎突变体的单株穗重与NPB差异不显著,有效穗数增加,生物质产量增加,抗倒伏性显著增强,秸秆易粉碎且在酸、碱预处理及纤维素复合酶酶解条件下的产糖量及纤维素降解效率显著高于NPB。这些特异水稻脆茎突变体的表型优势揭示出其在水稻秸秆利用中的应用潜力,它们可以用于高产、生物质高效降解水稻品种的培育。Brittle culm mutants are considered as valuable germplasm resources for energy crop breeding in rice. This study analyzed biological characters and biomass digestibilities of 10 distinct rice brittle eulm mutants. Compared with the wild type japonieal variety NPB （Nipponbare）, all mutants displayed normal growth and development, and shorter plant height and lower tension stress. In terms of cell wall composition in the mature culm tissues, the mutants showed lower cellulose and higher hemiceltuloses levels than that of the NPB and no significant increase is identified in lignin level, which were consistent with the RNA transcript levels of their major wall polymer synthases. Due to cell wall alternation, the rice mutants appeared to have a stronger resistance to lodging than NPB did. However, all mutants and NPB were determined with unchanged single plant spike weight and higher number of effective panicles, suggesting that the mutants were not much affected with their seed yield. Meanwhile, the mutants had higher biomass yield. With respect to the brittle characters, all mutants exhibited a much higher biomass enzymatic digestibility upon various acid and alkali pretreatments. The data indicated that the mutants could be applied for energy crop breeding towards high yields of seeds and biomass in rice.

关 键 词：水稻 脆茎突变体 细胞壁 生物质降解 能源作物 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]