禁牧休牧对藏北高寒草甸物种多样性和生物量的影响  

Effects of Banning Grazing and Delaying Grazing on Species Diversity and Biomass of Alpine Meadow in Northern Tibet

作　　者：张伟娜[1] 干珠扎布[1] 李亚伟[2] 高清竹[1] 万运帆[1] 李玉娥[1] 旦久罗布 西饶卓玛 白玛玉珍 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,农业部农业环境与气候变化重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中央民族大学中国少数民族传统医学研究院,教育部中国少数民族传统医学重点实验室,北京100081 [3]西藏自治区那曲地区草原站,西藏那曲852100

出　　处：《中国农业科技导报》2013年第3期143-149,共7页Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑项目(2012BAC01B02);国家自然科学基金项目(31170460);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(1610122013001);西藏那曲地区与中国农业科学院合作项目资助

摘　　要：通过对藏北高寒草甸禁牧3a(JM3)、禁牧5a(JM5)、禁牧7a(JM7)、休牧5a(XM5)和自由放牧(FM)等不同管理措施样地的植物群落物种多样性、群落高度、群落盖度、地上生物量和地下生物量的实地调查与分析,探讨了禁牧和休牧对藏北高寒草甸物种多样性和生物量的影响。结果表明,禁牧样地的群落丰富度指数、多样性指数均显著高于休牧和自由放牧样地,而禁牧3a和5a显著高于禁牧7a;禁牧3a的均匀度指数显著低于禁牧5a和7a,其禾草和莎草的重要值则高于其他样地;禁牧5a样地地上生物量最高,为84.2 g/m2,并且其地下生物量与地上生物量的比值最小。在藏北地区,禁牧5a不仅可维持较高的高寒草甸物种多样性,而且还能够明显提高高寒草甸可利用生物量,但是禁牧5a以上将不利于维持较高的物种多样性和草地可利用生物量。Abstract： Banning grazing and delaying grazing are reasonable grassland management measures for restoring the degraded alpine grassland. In this study, 5 treatment plots including banning grazing for 3 years （JM3）, for 5 years （ JM5 ） , for 7 years （ JM7 ） , delaying grazing for 5 years （ XM5 ） and continuous grazing （FM） plots were devised in Nagqu to investigate the effects of banning grazing and delaying grazing on alpine meadow in Northern Tibet. Based on the quadrant method, community species diversity, height, coverage, aboveground biomass and underground biomass within areas of 0.5 m x 0.5 m quadrant of alpine meadow in Northern Tibet were recorded. The result showed that the richness index and diversity index in banning grazing plots were significantly higher than those in XM5 and FM. JM3 and JM5 were significantly higher than JMT. But the evenness index in JM3 was significantly lower than that in JM5 and JMT. The important values of the grasses and sedges in JM3 were higher than other plots. The aboveground biomass of JM5 was 84.2 g/m2 and higher than other plots. The ratio of underground biomass and aboveground biomass of JM5 was the least in all plots. Thus, binning grazing for 5 years could maintain higher species diversity and significantly increase the productivity of alpine meadow, but binning grazing for over 5 years would go against maintaining higher species diversity and meadow available biomass.

关 键 词：高寒草甸 禁牧 休牧 物种多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]