事故树分析法在港机故障检测中的应用  

Application of accident tree analysis in portmachinery fault detection

作　　者：舒安庆[1] 张鹏[1] 丁克勤[2] 乔松[2] 

机构地区：[1]武汉工程大学机电工程学院,湖北武汉430205 [2]中国特种设备检测研究院,北京100013

出　　处：《武汉工程大学学报》2013年第6期62-66,共5页Journal of Wuhan Institute of Technology

基　　金：十二五国家支撑计划课题(2011BAK06B01-13);中国特种设备检测研究院提供的项目支持

摘　　要：采用事故树分析法(ATA)对门座式起重机的潜在危险源进行辨识,以门座式起重机事故为顶上事件,从"倒塌"和"货物坠落"两类典型事故入手,层层深入,寻找导致顶上事件发生的原因,建立事故树.按照事故树中各事件的逻辑关系,运用布尔代数法简化事故树得到其代数表达式,然后对事故树进行定性分析,得到事故树的最小割集,计算出最容易导致顶上事件发生的一阶割集的结构重要度,并对其进行排序.结果显示导致门座式起重机事故的主要危险源为超负荷工作、焊缝开裂、设计制造安装缺陷以及操作不当等问题,提出在额定载荷下工作、严格按照国标设计制造安装以及定期检修等预防门座式起重机此类事故发生的对策.Amethod based on accident tree analysis （ATA）was proposed to identify andprevent the potential hazards of the gantry crane. Theportal crane accident was seemed as a top event. Starting withtwokind of major accidents such ascollapse and falling,thereason that cause the top event was found and the accident tree wasestablishedby the layers of depth. According to thelogical relationship of each event in the accident tree, the Boolean method wasused to simplify the accident tree and the Algebraic expressions were got. Though using the qualitative analysis of fault tree, the minimum cut set of itwas obtained. Thenthe structural importantdegree of cut set, which easily cause the top event of firstorder, wascalculated and carried on the sorting. The results show that the risk resourceof accident hazards of portal crane are overload, welding crack, defects of designand manufacture installation and improper operation. The countermeasures of workingunder rated load, design and manufacture installationin strictaccordanee with the national standardand periodicinspection are put forward to prevent this kind of accident to happen.

关 键 词：门座式起重机 事故树 危险源 

分 类 号：TH213.4[机械工程—机械制造及自动化]