离心式核桃二次破壳机的设计与实验研究  

Design and Test of Centrifugal Secondary Broker for Walnuts

作　　者：王晓暄[1] 史建新[1] 周军[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学机械交通学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2013年第6期1115-1121,共7页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划"核桃破壳取仁关键技术装备集成与示范"(2011BAD27B02-05-02);新疆维吾尔自治区科技成果转化"核桃破壳取仁装备优化与高质化产品开发"(201130102-4)

摘　　要：【目的】研究新型核桃二次破壳机,使其在有效破壳率和损失率方面达到用户的使用要求。【方法】离心式核桃二次破壳机利用离心作用使核桃产生运动速度,高速运动的核桃通过与撞击桶发生撞击完成二次破壳。对机具的关键参数进行理论分析与计算确定其取值范围,再通过正交试验初步确定其最优参数。【结果】核桃离心破壳方法对核桃的外形、尺寸、壁厚等物理特性变化不敏感,因此是一种理想的二次破壳方法。在二次破壳过程中核桃的撞击速度是影响有效破壳率和损失率最重要的因素。同时,经过二次破壳后的核桃是否再次与撞击桶、离心板或其他核桃发生碰撞也将影响到损失率。【结论】通过实验研究确定当撞击桶锥角=30°,离心板的转速n=420 r/min,撞击桶间距L=273 mm时,离心式核桃二次破壳机的有效破壳率≥80%,损失率≤1.89%。离心式核桃二次破壳机具有对核桃尺寸、形状和壁厚适应能力强,撞击力调整方便等优点。[ Objective] To develop new secondary breaking machine for walnuts that can satisfy user＇s requirements in valid shell breaking rate and loss rate. [ Method] Walnuts are sped up by centrifugal force, and then re - broken when hitting the breaking - barrel with high speed. The value range of key parameters of the equipment is determined by theoretical analysis and calculation, and then optimal parameters are determined by orthogonal experiments. [ Result ] Breaking walnuts shell with centrifugal force is an ideal secondary breaking method, because it is not sensitive to shape, size, thickness and other physical characteristics of walnuts. In secondary breaking process, the impact speed is the most important factor against shell breaking rate and loss rate. Whether the secondary broken walnuts collide again with impact barrel, centrifugal board or the collision of walnuts themselves will still affect the loss rate. [ Conchtsion ] The parameters are determined by experimental study. With cone angle of breaking barrel set at 30°, the centrifugal board speed at 420 r/min, the space of impact barrel at 273 mm, the shell breaking ratio of the machine is greater than 80% and the loss rate less than 1.89%. The secondary breaking machine is highly adaptable to walnuts of different sizes, shapes and wall thicknesses, and the impact force is easy to adjust.

关 键 词：核桃 二次破壳 离心作用 

分 类 号：S226[农业科学—农业机械化工程]