旱地花生不同土壤类型主要土壤肥力指标季节变异及其相互关系研究  

Seasonal Variation and Relationship of Soil Fertility Indices for Different Types of Dry Land Peanut

作　　者：郑亚萍[1] 吴正锋[1] 王才斌[1] 梁晓艳[1] 陈殿绪[1] 孙学武[1] 王建国[1] 郑永美[1] 冯昊[1] 孙秀山[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《核农学报》2013年第6期831-838,共8页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省农业重大应用技术创新课题"夏花生高产高效关键技术研究";山东省科技发展计划(2012GGC02025);青岛市公共领域科技支撑计划项目(12-1-3-28-nsh;11-2-3-28-nsh)

摘　　要：大田条件下,以砂姜黑土和棕壤为对象,研究了花生生育期内土壤主要肥力指标变化特点及相互关系,结果表明:不同土壤类型旱地花生生育期内土壤碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量呈逐渐降低趋势,生育中期下降速率明显高于生育前期和后期,与花生对主要营养元素吸收速率一致;土壤微生物数量(细菌、放线菌和真菌)、土壤呼吸速率及主要土壤酶(脲酶、蔗糖酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶)活性随生育进程的推进呈单峰曲线,高峰期多数出现在结荚中期。砂姜黑土细菌、放线菌及3种主要酶活性高于棕壤,真菌数量棕壤高于砂姜黑土;生育后期,棕壤碱解氮含量、速效钾含量、细菌和放线菌数量以及脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降速率高于砂姜黑土,速效磷含量和酸性磷酸酶活性两种土壤下降速率相近。因此,生育后期肥力下降较快,可能是棕壤花生易发生早衰的主要原因。土壤主要肥力指标间多数呈显著或极显著正相关关系,但不同土壤类型指标间相关性存在一定差异。Under the condition of field cultivation,the variation characteristics and relationship of main soil fertility index for lime concretion black soil and brunisolic soil were studied.The results showed that content of alkali-hydrolyzed N,available P and available K in both types of soil gradually decreased during peanut growing season,and the decrease rate during middle growing season of peanut was obviously higher than that of both early and late growing season,which was in accord with the absorption characteristics of the main nutrient element in peanut.Along with the peanut growth,numbers of bacteria,fungi and actinomycetes,soil respiration rate,and enzyme activity of urease,invertase,phosphatase and catalase presented a single-peak curve,which appeared in the middle of pod-filling stage.The number of soil bacteria,actinomycetes,and the enzyme activity of soil urease,invertase and phosphatase in lime concretion black soil were higher than that in brunisolic soil.On the contrary,the number of fungi in brunisolic soil was higher than that in lime concretion black soil.The decrease rate was faster in brunisolic soil in content of alkali-hydrolyzed N and available K,numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes,activity of urease,invertase and catalase,and was similar in content of available P and activity of acid phosphatase between the two types of soil during the late growing period.The reason that peanut planted in brunisolic soil prone to premature aging might be attribute to the fast decrease of soil fertility during the late growing stage.Positive significant or extra significant correlations among the most soil fertility indices were observed,but differences were also found in the correlations of few indices between the two type soils.

关 键 词：旱地 矿质营养 微生物 酶活性 季节变异 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]