甜高粱高光效种质的筛选和生理生化指标的比较  

Selection of High Photosynthetic Efficiency Germplasm and Comparative Analysis of Physiological Indexes of Sweet Sorghum

作　　者：冯国郡[1,2] 章建新[1] 李宏琪[1] 叶凯[2] 郭建富[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业科学院,乌鲁木齐830091

出　　处：《吉林农业大学学报》2013年第3期260-268,277,共10页Journal of Jilin Agricultural University

基　　金：新疆自然科学基金项目(2010211A60);国家现代高粱产业技术体系项目(CARS-06-03);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(31060036)

摘　　要：以72份甜高粱种质为材料,研究了其抽穗期光合生理特性,并选取早中晚熟不同类型高光效种质,分析比较其与对照叶片的叶绿素含量、PEP羧化酶活性等生理生化指标,以及株高、茎秆汁液含糖锤度、单株鲜重、叶面积指数等生长性状指标,同时对各指标间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明:甜高粱种质间净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)差异极显著,变异系数分别为30.47%、29.98%、39.86%、66.21%;相关分析表明,生物产量与抽穗期Pn、Gs达极显著相关,与Tr达显著相关。早中晚熟高光效种质基本表现出叶绿素a(Chl a)、叶绿素b(Chl b)、总叶绿素(Chl)、总氮含量(LNCa)、总蛋白含量(TP)、PEPC羧化酶活性(PEP)、叶面积指数(LAI)显著高于低光效对照。抽穗期净光合速率与Chl呈极显著相关,与Chl a、Chl b呈显著相关,与LNCa、TP、PEP正相关程度较高。新疆甜高粱种质具有丰富的光合生理多样性。除继续将抽穗期叶片Pn作为选择指标外,Gs、Tr、Chl、Chl a、Chl b、PEP、LNCa、TP可作为甜高粱高光效育种的生理生化指标。This study determined the photosynthetic characteristics of sweet sorghum,selected high photosynthetic efficiency germplasms,and analyzed the difference of photosynthetic physiology indexes of high photosynthetic efficiency and contrast germplasms.Seventy-two sweet sorghum germplasms were chosen as the experiment materials,and their photosynthetic characteristics were studied in heading stage.Physiological and biochemical indexes such as chlorophyll content（Chl）,PEPCase activity（PEP）,etc.,and agronomic traits such as plant weight,stem brix,yield,leaf area index（LAI） in some high and low photosynthetic efficiency germplasms were comparatively analyzed.The results showed that there was significant difference in net photosynthetic rate（Pn）,transpiration rate（Tr）,cond（Cs）,intercellular CO2 concentration（Ci）,and coefficients of variance were 30.47%,29.98%,39.86% and 66.21% respectively.Correlation analysis indicated that biological yield was very significantly correlated with Pn and Cs,and significantly correlated with Tr.There were mainly higher chlorophyll A（Chl a）,chlorophyll B（Chl b）,Chl,nitrogen content（LNCa）,total protein content（TP）,PEP,LAI in early,middle and late high photosynthetic efficiency germplasms.These sweet sorghum germplasms had great photosynthetic diversity.In addition to taking Pn as selection index for high photosynthetic efficiency sweet sorghum breeding,Gs,Tr,Chl,Chl a,Chl b,PEP,LNCa and TP can also be used as effective selection indexes.

关 键 词：甜高粱 生理生化 净光合速率 高光效 种质 

分 类 号：S514.01[农业科学—作物学]