中国野生人参产地的分布变迁  

Distributional changes of wild panax ginseng in China

作　　者：龚胜生[1] 蔡俊青[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学可持续发展研究中心,武汉430079

出　　处：《国外医学（医学地理分册）》2013年第2期71-79,共9页Foreign Medical Sciences：Section of Medgeography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.41171408);国家社科基金重点资助项目(No.11AZD117);资助项目(No.12&ZD145)

摘　　要：2000多年来,中国野生人参分布范围有逐渐萎缩的趋势。汉唐时期,中国人参产区有太行山产区、燕山产区和东北产区;到北宋中叶时(1085年),燕山产区的人参资源已经基本灭绝;再到明朝末年(1647年),太行山产区的人参资源也逐渐灭绝,从此,东北产区成了中国唯一的人参产区;至于清朝末年(约1880年),东北产区的人参资源得到前所未有的大规模开发,到1930年代,不少地方的人参资源也耗竭了,连片的人参产区演变成了离散的"灶状"分布。人参产区的逐步萎缩,根本原因是人参资源的再生能力弱,直接原因是人类无节制的采挖和对人参生境的破坏。The distribution of wild panax ginseng in China has a tendency to gradually shrink since two thousand years ago. In the period from Han to Tang Dynasties, the areas in which panax ginseng survived were composed of Taihang Mountain, Yan Mountain and Northeast China. The panax ginseng resources in Yan Mountain had not been extinct until the middle Northen Song Dynasty （1085）. Up to the end of Ming Dynasty, the panax ginseng resources in Taihang Mountain were extensively exploited, so that Northeast China became the only area where panax ginseng existed. Because of unprecedented exploitation since 1880, after 1930s, the panax ginseng resources in many districts of Northeast China had also depleted. The root cause of panax ginsengs narrowing distribution was the weak regen- erative capacity of ginseng resource, and the direct cause was human interferences such as uncontrolled exploitation and damage on the ecological environment of panax ginseng by massive farming activities.

关 键 词：野生人参 地理分布 生态环境 历史时期 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]