大学生应对方式的特点及其与自杀意念的关系  

Research on the features of college students’ coping style and the relationship between college students’ coping style and suicide ideation

作　　者：王斐然[1] 高树刚[1] 叶红[1] 周紫哲[2] 高艳华[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学,河北保定071000 [2]石家庄信息工程职业学院,河北石家庄050000

出　　处：《医学研究与教育》2013年第3期59-65,共7页Medical Research and Education

基　　金：河北省科学研究与发展计划项目(10457205D-23);河北省高等教育学会高等教育科学研究2012年度规划立项课题(GJKT-12-35)

摘　　要：目的探讨大学生应对方式的特点及其与自杀意念的关系。方法采用应对方式问卷、症状自评量表和自编一般情况调查表对724名大学生进行测试。结果大学生的应对方式依次为解决问题、求助、幻想、合理化、退避、自责。二年级学生与一、四年级学生相比,更多选择解决问题、求助成熟应对方式,更少使用自责等不成熟应对方式。女生的解决问题、求助成熟应对方式得分高于男生,自责、退避、合理化、幻想等非成熟应对方式得分低于男生。农村来源大学生比城市来源大学生更少选择自责、退避和合理化。专科生与本科生相比,更多地选择求助,较少选择自责、幻想和合理化。对所学专业满意的大学生更多选择解决问题,较少选择自责等不成熟应对方式。认为班里气氛"团结、活跃、愉快"的学生与认为"一般"和"不团结、不活跃、不愉快"的学生相比,更多选择解决问题、求助成熟应对方式,较少选择自责等不成熟应对方式。身体健康良好的学生与身体一般的学生相比,更多选择解决问题、求助成熟应对方式,较少选择自责等不成熟应对方式。但独生子女与非独生子女大学生在选择应对方式上没有差异。有自杀意念的大学生占9.81%。应对方式与自杀意念密切相关,自责对自杀意念有较大的正向预测作用,解决问题对自杀意念有负向预测作用。结论大学生主要选择解决问题、求助成熟应对方式,在年级、性别、生源、学历、专业满意度、班里气氛、身体健康上应对方式各因子得分有差异,应对方式与自杀意念密切相关,应引导其采用解决问题应对方式。Objective To investigate the features of college students＇ coping style and the relationship between college students＇ coping style and suicide ideation. Methods 724 college students were surveyed by the questionnaire of Coping Styles Questionnaire（CSQ）, Symptom Check List 90 （SCL-90） and Self-made General Data Questionnaire（SMGDQ）, Results Solving problem, seeking support, fantasy, rationalization, withdrawal and self-accusation were the seven factors of college students＇ coping style. Compared with freshmen and the seniors, sophomores chose ripe coping style（solving problem, seeking support） more. and unripe coping style（self-accusation etc）less. Female students had higher score in ripe coping style（solving problem, seeking support）and lower score in unripe coping style （fantasy, rationalization, withdrawal and self-accusation） than male students. Urban college students preferred self-accusation withdrawal and rationalization than rural students. Junior college students preferred seeking support, while undergraduate students preferred self- accusation fantasy and rationalization. College students who were satisfied with their major preferred seeking support, and chose unripe coping style（self-accusation etc）less. Compared with the college students who thought their class was common or disunited, inactive and unpleasant, the students who thought their class was united, active and pleasant chose ripe coping style（solving problem, seeking support）more, and unripe coping style（self-accusation etc）less. Healthy students chose ripe coping style（solving problem, seeking support）more, and unripe coping style（self-accusation etc）less. There was no significant difference in the coping style between only-one children and non-only-one children. 9.81% college students had suicide ideation. Suicide ideation was closely related to the coping style. Self-accusation was a significant positive predicator of suicide ideation. Seeking support was a negative predicator of suici

关 键 词：大学生 应对方式 自杀意念 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]