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作 者:陈宏伟[1] 胡远满[1] 常禹[1] 布仁仓[1] 李月辉[1] 刘淼[1] 熊在平[1]
机构地区:[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室,中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110164
出 处:《生态学杂志》2013年第7期1888-1895,共8页Chinese Journal of Ecology
基 金:国家自然科学基金项目(41201185;41271201);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050201)资助
摘 要:干扰对森林景观变化的影响是一个长期的过程,传统的定位观测很难探究大空间尺度上干扰对森林景观的长期影响,模型模拟是目前常用的研究方法。本研究采用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS),模拟大兴安岭呼中林区在无采伐、皆伐、渐伐和择伐共4种预案下300年内森林景观的长期动态变化。选取落叶松和白桦为典型代表,以平均斑块面积、物种面积比例、聚集度以及年龄结构为指标,探讨不同采伐方式对森林景观的长期影响。结果表明:采伐降低了落叶松的面积比例,提高了白桦的面积比例,不同采伐方式之间差异不明显;采伐降低了落叶松的聚集度,提高了白桦的聚集度,皆伐预案高于其他预案;采伐在模拟前期降低了落叶松的平均斑块面积,提高了白桦的平均斑块面积;采伐提高了落叶松和白桦的中幼龄林比例,皆伐预案下白桦中幼龄林面积增加最明显。采伐使森林生态景观破碎化,皆伐预案下森林景观破碎化最为严重。建议,在采伐强度相同的条件下,尽量采用择伐方式,降低森林采伐对森林生态系统的影响,进而促进森林生态系统健康稳定的发展。The effect of disturbances on the changes of forest landscape is a long-term process. Traditional observation methods are hard to explore the long-term effect of disturbances on forest landscape at large spatial scale, while model simulation is a commonly used method at present. In this paper, a spatially explicit landscape model, LANDIS, was used to simulate the longterm (300 years) dynamics of forest landscape under four different forest harvest scenarios, i.e., no cutting, clear cutting, gradual cutting, and selective cutting, in the Huzhong forest region of the Daxing'an Mountains. We analyzed the mean patch area, aggregation index, percent cover, and age structure of the two typical forest types, larch and white birch. The results showed that forest harvest reduced the percent cover of larch forest while increased that of white birch forest, and there were no significant differences among the various forest harvest scenarios. As compared with other forest harvest scenarios, clear cutting decreased the aggregation level of larch forest while increased that of white birch forest significantly. During the early-stage of the simulation, forest harvest reduced the mean patch area of larch forest while increased that of white birch forest. Clear cutting increased the percent cover of the saplings and middle-aged cohorts of larch and white birch forests significantly, as compared to other forest harvest scenarios. It was concluded that forest harvest, especially clear cutting, promoted the fragmentation of forest landscape, and thus, under the same forest harvest intensities, selective cutting should be adopted as far as possible to reduce the effect of forest harvest on forest ecosystems, and further, to promote the healthy and sustainable development of forest ecosystems.
关 键 词:采伐方式 森林景观 LANDIS 皆伐 渐伐 择伐
分 类 号:S757[农业科学—森林经理学]
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