施肥对油菜菌核病发生的影响  

Influence analysis of application of NPK fertilizer on epidemics of rapeseed Sclerotinia stem rot

作　　者：李银水[1] 余常兵[1] 廖星[1] 胡小加[1] 谢立华[1] 张树杰[1] 车志[1] 廖祥生[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院油料作物研究所,农业部油料作物生物学与遗传育种重点实验室,湖北武汉430062

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2013年第3期290-294,共5页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2010BAD01B05);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610172009003);农业部公益性行业科研专项(201203096)

摘　　要：对5个油菜品种,设氮肥(对照、施氮),磷肥(对照、施磷)和钾肥(对照、施钾)试验,分析了氮磷钾肥对油菜产量和菌核病发生的影响。结果表明,施氮油菜平均增产203.7%,菌核病病情指数平均增加17.7%;施磷油菜平均增产47.2%,菌核病病情指数平均下降31.0%;施钾油菜平均增产30.1%,菌核病病情指数平均下降21.9%。分析认为,施氮因病原菌获得更多的营养物质,以及油菜枝繁叶茂提高田间阴湿度致使油菜病害加重;施磷为油菜抗性生理活动提供了物质基础;施钾通过对植株代谢过程的调控和植物形态学的调节提高了油菜对菌核病的抗性。生产上可以通过调控氮肥施用,合理增施磷钾肥,达到既提高油菜产量又有效减轻菌核病危害的目的。Sclerotinia stem rot caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is a damaging disease of oilseed rape.In order to assess the potential of NPK fertilizers to control the disease,nine field experiments conditions with or without N–fertilizer application,with or without P-fertilizer application and with or without K-fertilizer application were studied using five varieties of rapeseed in Wuxue city,Hubei Province,China,from 2006 to 2009.Compared to control,the results showed that applying N fertilizer increased rapeseed yield and the disease index by 203.7% and 17.7% respectively.Applying P fertilizer,the yield increased by 47.2% and the disease index decreased by 31.0%.Applying K fertilizer,the yield increased by 30.1% and the disease index decreased by 21.9%.These results suggested that：（1） For N-fertilizer application,the pathogen may obtain more nutrients and rapeseed vigorous growth may raise the field humidity,which further increased the disease.（2） P-fertilizer may activate rapeseed to resist infection of S.sclerotiorum.（3） K-fertilizer may improve plant metabolic and morphology response,thus improving resistance to S.sclerotiorum.This study suggests that rational application of NPK fertilizers can control Sclerotinia stem rot and improve the yield of rapeseed.

关 键 词：油菜 氮磷钾肥 菌核病 产量 

分 类 号：S565.406[农业科学—作物学]