控释尿素与尿素配施对油菜籽产量、经济效益和土壤无机氮含量的影响  

Effects of combined application of urea and controlled-release urea on yield,profits of rapeseed and soil inorganic nitrogen

作　　者：王素萍[1,2] 李小坤[1] 鲁剑巍[1] 李慧[1] 刘波[1] 吴庆丰 汪航 肖国滨[5] 薛欣欣[1] 徐正伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]湖北省武汉市农业科学研究所,湖北武汉430345 [3]湖北省鄂州市土肥站,湖北鄂州436000 [4]湖北省浠水市土肥站,湖北浠水438200 [5]江西省红壤研究所,江西南昌331717

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2013年第3期295-300,共6页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金："十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2010BAD01B05);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-13)

摘　　要：2009-2010年在我国油菜主产区采用多点田间试验研究了控释尿素(controlled-release urea,CRU)和普通尿素(Urea)配合施用对油菜籽产量、氮肥利用率、土壤无机氮含量及经济效益的影响,以期为两者在油菜上的配合施用提供理论依据。结果表明,在所有试验点两者配施(60%CRU+40%Urea)比一次性基施等氮量普通尿素(100%Urea)增产菜籽11.4%～12.9%,与一次性基施等氮量控释尿素(100%CRU)的产量无显著差异。苗期的干物质量和氮积累量表现相同规律,配施处理与100%Urea处理无显著差异,与100%CRU处理相比,除浠水试验点分别增加10.59%～50.58%和10.40%～28.57%外,成熟期配施与100%CRU处理无显著差异,但分别比100%Urea处理增加5.4%～20.9%和8.7%～18.8%。配施的氮肥利用率比100%Urea处理提高7.6个百分点,可以达到100%CRU的效果。油菜收获后,配施处理的耕层土壤无机氮含量高于100%Urea处理5.0%～44.2%,低于100%CRU处理19.6%～38.8%。经济效益分析结果显示,配施处理比100%Urea增收488.9～1 040.2元/hm2,比100%CRU增收205.3～599.0元/hm2。To provide evidence for application of combined chemicals of CRU（controlled released urea）,three sites of field trials were conducted in the main rapeseed zone of China in 2009 to 2010.Four treatments were designed as no nitrogen,100% urea,100% CRU and combined application-treatment（60% CRU＋ 40% Urea） to study the effects on yield,profits,nitrogen recovery efficiency of rapeseed and soil inorganic nitrogen content.Results showed that the combined application increased the yield by 11.4% to 12.9% compared to 100%CRU-treatment as based fertilizer.No significant difference was found in yield and dry matter between the 100%CRU-treatment and combined application-treatment.In seedling stage,dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of the combined application increased by 10.59% to 50.58% and 10.40% to 28.57% compared to 100%CRU-treatment except Xishui site.The dry matter and nitrogen accumulation of the combined application respectively increased by 5.4% to 20.9% and 8.7% to 18.8% compared to 100%Urea treatment,but no difference was found between them in mature period.No significant difference was found in nutrient recovery efficiency either.After harvest,the soil inorganic nitrogen in tillage layer soils of the combined application-treatment were increased by 5.0% to 44.2% compared to 100%Urea-treatment,but decreased by 19.6% to 38.8% compared to the 100%CRU-treatment.The profits of combined application treatment were increased by 488.9 to 1 040.2Yuan/hm2 compared to 100% Urea-treatment,and increased by 205.3 to 599.0Yuan/hm2 compared to 100%CRU-treatment.

关 键 词：油菜 控释尿素 产量 土壤无机氮 经济效益 

分 类 号：S145.6[农业科学—肥料学]