不同灌水方式下基于水面蒸发量的夏玉米灌溉试验研究  

Study on the Suitable Irrigation Scheduling of Summer Maize Based on Water Surface Evaporation under Different Irrigation Methods

作　　者：Uzokwe Pauline 李新强[1] 高阳[1,2] 黄玲[1] 邱新强[1,3] 段爱旺[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]农业部作物需水与调控重点实验室,河南新乡453002 [3]河南省水利科学研究院,郑州450000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2013年第3期59-62,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)专项项目(201203077)

摘　　要：为了探索依据水面蒸发量确定灌溉定额的可行性,在防雨棚下测坑中进行了夏玉米灌溉试验。结果表明,从总耗水量看,畦灌略高于沟灌,而沟灌又略高于滴灌,但差别不是很大。畦灌条件下植株发育快,滴灌次之,沟灌最慢。畦灌和滴灌下产量均以中等灌溉定额处理最高,而沟灌下产量以最大灌溉定额处理最高。总体上,滴灌条件下水分利用效率高于其他2种灌溉方式。干旱条件下,畦灌下以E601蒸发皿蒸发量(PE)作为夏玉米灌溉定额,每次灌水60mm;滴灌下以2/3PE作为灌溉定额为宜,灌水定额为20mm。In order to explore the feasibility of determining irrigation quota according to pan evaporation （PE）, field experiments under the condition of rain shelf were carried out. The results showed that total water consumption under surface basin irrigation was slightly higher than that under furrow irrigation, and total water consumption under furrow irrigation was further higher than that under drip irrigation. The leaf area index （LAI） under border irrigation increased more quickly and the peak value was higher than those under furrow and drip irrigation. However, the recession of LAI in later stages of maize under bor- der irrigation was quicker than those under other two irrigation methods. The yield was the highest with the middle irrigation quota under border and drip irrigation and with maximum irrigation quota under fur- row. WUE decreased with the increasing of irrigation quota under border irrigation, and the highest WUE appeared in treatment B3 and D2 under furrow and drip irrigation respectively. The WUE under drip irri- gation was generally higher than those under other two irrigation methods. Considering comprehensively yield and water use efficiency, the suitable irrigation schedules were recommended that irrigation quota were PE, 2/3PE under border irrigation and drip irrigation, respectively.

关 键 词：玉米 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 滴灌 地面灌 沟灌 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]