鸭梨不同开心树形结构和枝干配比对果实品质的影响  

The Effects of Different Tree Shapes and Ratios of Branches on Fruit Qualities of Yali Pear

作　　者：韩继成[1] 胡尚强 冉辛拓[1] 徐金涛[1] 刘金利[1] 魏建梅[1] 张海娥[1] 乐文全[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院昌黎果树研究所,河北昌黎066600 [2]河北省泊头市林业局,河北泊头062150

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2012年第12期28-31,81,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省科技支撑计划项目(11220602D);国家梨产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29-23)

摘　　要：以河北省树体改造后的乔冠鸭梨为试材,对单层开心形、双层开心形和多主枝疏散开心形树体的枝干配置、冠内透光率以及果实产量和品质进行了调查,以确定乔冠梨园改造后适宜树形的枝干构成框架。结果表明:树体改造后,不同树形的骨干枝以及超长枝、长枝和中短枝的数量比例发生变化,虽然对梨果单位面积产量无明显影响,但冠层间的透光率差异显著,因此导致不同树形的果实品质和优质果率差别明显。树体改造后的3种树形,虽然都进行了枝干调整和开心处理,但由于树体结构和枝量疏密的不同,果实品质差异显著。综合产量和品质指标分析认为,乔冠梨园树体改造时最好选择单层开心树形,树体构成仅需3～5个主枝,超长枝、长枝、中短枝数量比例为1∶2∶36,大、中、小型枝组数量比例为1∶1.6∶16,单位面积总枝量控制在75万条/hm2左右。Taking Yali pear as the test material which the tree shape was transformed in Hebei Province, the branches constitute, transmittance in the tree canopy, fruit yield and quality of single open centre shape, double open centre shape and multiple branch evacuation centre shape were measured in order to determine the appropriate tree shape of Yali pear after transformation. The results showed that the quantitative proportion of scaffold branch, super-long branch, long branch, middle or short branch of Yali pear with different tree shapes after transformation were changed. There was no difference in the yield, but there was significant differences in the transmittance in the tree canopy, and which leaded to the differences in the fruit quality and the ratio of high quality. The fruit quality of Yali pear with different tree shapes was significantly different due to the different tree structure and branch density. Comprehensive analysis indexes of yield and quality showed that the most suitable tree shape of Yali pea was single open centre shape and the main branches should be 3 - 5, the ratio of super-long shoot, long shoot and middle or short shoot should be 1：2： 36, the ratio of big branch, middle branch and small branch should be 1：1.6： 16, the total shoots number per area should be 750 000/hm2.

关 键 词：鸭梨 树形 枝干构成 枝量 透光率 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]