黄河中游淤地坝工程可持续减沙途径分析  

Approaches of Sustainable Sediment Reduction of Warping Dams in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River

作　　者：冉大川[1] 李占斌[2] 罗全华[3] 李鹏[2] 田世民[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利委员会黄河水利科学研究院,郑州450003 [2]西安理工大学,西安710048 [3]黄河水利委员会西峰水土保持科学试验站,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2013年第3期1-5,共5页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2011CB403303);黄河水利委员会"十五"重大治黄科技项目(2002SZ08)

摘　　要：黄河中游地区淤地坝的减洪减沙作用十分显著,但20世纪80年代以后呈降低趋势,如何实现淤地坝的可持续减沙作用值得探讨。以黄河中游淤地坝工程最多的黄河二级支流大理河流域为例,采用"水保法"计算了梯田、林地、草地、坝地四大水土保持措施的减洪减沙量,分析了淤地坝减沙总量及其变化过程,探讨了淤地坝工程实现可持续减沙的技术途径。结果表明,大理河流域平均每淤1hm2坝地需要泥沙75 000t;要达到1km2流域面积发展坝地3.33hm2的目标,需要17a左右的时间;实现淤地坝可持续减沙作用的布坝密度为2.5座/km2;未来大、中、小型淤地坝的配置比例为1∶2.5∶5.5;进行坝系建设时应尽量采用自下游向上游的建坝时序。要实现黄河中游淤地坝的可持续减沙作用,应从坝地发展速度、布坝密度与大、中、小型淤地坝配比、建坝时序及坝体加高5大技术途径方面进行综合分析和实施。同时,还应从淤地坝的后续建设、坡沟兼治、预防超标准洪水、明晰产权制度和加强管理养护等方面,完善并制订相应的政策措施。尤其要重视淤地坝建设的相关科学研究,努力提高其科技含量。The significant effects of the warping dams on flood and sediment reduction in the middle reaches of the Yellow River have been evident since 1980s.So the researches are necessary to figure out the sustainability of the sediment reduction of the warping dams.Dali River,the secondary branch of the Yellow River,is selected as the study area for the most warping dams in this basin.The total amount of flood and sediment reduction of terraces,forest lands,grasslands and warping dams is obtained by the soil conservation method.The sediment reduction amount and processes of warping dams are related,and the technical approaches for the sustainability sediment reduction are dealt with.The results indicate that 75 000 t deposit may overlap 1 hm2 farmland of warping dam and it will take 17 years to increase the farmland of warping dam to 3.33 hm2 per square kilometer in Dali River basin.Various factors such as development rate,density,scale,construction sequence,and dam height should be taken into consideration for realizing the sustainable sediment reduction.The density of warping dams should be increased to 2.5 ind/km2 and the proportion of large dams,middle dams and little dams should be set as 1∶2.5∶5.5.The warping dams should be constructed from downstream to upstream.On the other hand,the other measures including follow-up construction,treating the slope and gully synchronously,preventing from the super flood,clarifying the rights,management and maintaining,scientific researches on the dam construction also should be paid more attention to and emphasized.

关 键 词：淤地坝 可持续 减沙途径 大理河 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]