喜马拉雅山中段地区气温直减率变化特征  

A Study on Temperature Lapse Rate on the Northern and Southern Slopes of the Central Himalayas

作　　者：刘伟刚[1,2] 张东启[2,3] 柳景峰[2] 沈永平[2] 效存德[2,3] 刘景时[4] 侯典炯 张通[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [4]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,北京100101 [5]甘肃煤炭地质勘查院,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2013年第2期240-245,共6页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41101073;41271097;41030639);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201006023);冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室开放基金(SKLCS 2010-07);国家重点基础研究发展计划(2007CB411503);科研业务启动项目(KYS2010BSKY01)共同资助

摘　　要：在喜马拉雅山地区的水文过程模拟中,气温直减率是一个非常重要的气象参数,其大小一定程度上决定了冰雪融水产流量。基于喜马拉雅山中段南北坡6个气象站地面实测气温数据,分析了该地区的气温直减率变化特征。结果显示,喜马拉雅山中段南北坡各海拔带的气温直减率月变化和日变幅均较大,空气湿度和山谷风是影响气温直减率变化的主要因素。对于喜马拉雅山中段北坡来说,海拔4 001～4 301 m的高程带受暖湿的南亚夏季风影响时,空气湿度较大,气温直减率较低;海拔4 301～5 750 m的高程带在南亚夏季风盛行时期气温直减率相对较高,南亚夏季风结束后,由于受持续的山谷风影响,气温直减率降低。对于喜马拉雅山中段南坡来说,海拔1 337～3 811 m的高程带受南亚夏季风影响时,空气湿度增大,气温直减率降低。在喜马拉雅山地区进行水文过程模拟时,需慎重选择气温直减率值。Temperature lapse rate （TLR） plays an important role in runoff modeling in the Himalayan regions where meteorological and hydrological data sets are severely scarce. Based on temperature data from 6 weather stations on both northern and southern slopes of the central Himalayas, seasonal characteristics of TLR were analyzed. Results show that monthly and diurnal TLR varied largely on both slopes, which was caused by both humidity and mountain valley breeze. As for northern slope of the central Himalayas, when In- dian monsoon prevailed TLR was smaller at a range of elevations between 4 001 and 4 301 m due to humidity increasing. While at the range of elevations between 4 301 and 5 750 m, TLR was relatively higher in this period, followed by its decrease induced by mountain valley breeze after Indian monsoon prevailed. As for southern slope of the central Himalayas, humidity increased when Indian monsoon prevailed which resulted in TLR decreasing when elevations ranged from 1337 to 3 811 m. This study improved understandings of the TLR in various altitude intervals and TLR must be more carefully selected when the runoff simulation in Himalayas was conducted.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅山中段 气温直减率 珠穆朗玛峰 气候变化 

分 类 号：P423.1[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]