甘肃平凉地区冰雹天气的气候特征和雷达回波分析  

Analysis of the Climate Features and Radar Echo of the Hail Weather in Pingliang of Gansu Province

作　　者：王若升 张彤[2] 樊晓春 王丽娜 赵果[2] 吴颖娟 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省平凉市气象局,甘肃平凉744000 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室,甘肃兰州730000

出　　处：《干旱气象》2013年第2期373-377,共5页Journal of Arid Meteorology

基　　金：中国科学院寒旱区陆面过程与气候变化重点实验室开发基金项目(LPCC201107)资助

摘　　要：利用甘肃平凉市7个气象台站1965～2011年冰雹观测资料详细分析了平凉冰雹的时空分布特征、气候特征。同时利用2003～2011年平凉辖区内乡镇冰雹观测资料和冰雹日探空资料及2009～2011年雷暴云多普勒雷达资料分析了平凉市冰雹日的层结特征及雷达回波特征。分析结果表明:平凉市冰雹高发区位于六盘山和关山山脉两侧的华亭、庄浪和崆峒区。1980年代是降雹的高峰期,1990年代至今冰雹发生的次数是减少的。一日中冰雹天气主要发生在17～22时。对流层上层(300～600 hPa)不稳定是平凉降雹的主要特征。平凉冰雹云回波强度>50 dBZ,回波顶高度在8 km以上,垂直液态含水量在20 kg.m-2,强中心平均高度在6 km左右,45 dBZ回波高度高于0℃层高度2km。Based on the hail observation data from seven stations in Pingliang of Gansu Province from 1965 to 2011, the temporal and spatial distribution of hail weathers and its climate features in Pingliang were analyzed in detail. At the same time, the stratification fea- ture and radar echo characteristics were analyzed by using the hail observation data and the sounding data in hail days from 2003 to 2011, and Doppler radar data of thunder cloud in Pingliang from 2009 to 2011. The results show that the high risk area of hail weather was located in Huating, Zhuanglang and Kongtong of Pingliang area. Hail weather occurred frequently in the 1980s and reduced from the 1990s. In a day, hail mainly oeeurred from 17：00 to 22：00. The instability of the upper troposphere （ from 300 to 600 hPa） is the main characteristic of hail weather in Pingliang. Echo intensity of hail cloud in Pingliang was more than 50 dBZ, echo top height was more than 8 km, vertical liquid water content was 20 kg. m-2, strong center average height was about 6 km, the 45 dBZ echo height was 2 km higher than the height of 0 ℃ layer.

关 键 词：冰雹 气候特征 回波特征 

分 类 号：P458.121.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]