施用农家肥和化肥对盐碱地桑树生长和叶片光合日变化的影响  

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers on Characteristics of Growth and Photosynthetic Diurnal Variation of Mulberry Grown in Saline-alkali Soil

作　　者：张会慧[1] 张秀丽[1] 胡彦波[1] 许楠[1] 金微微[1] 李鑫[1] 王良再[1] 孙广玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学生命科学学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《土壤》2013年第3期444-450,共7页Soils

基　　金：黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD201105);国家自然科学基金项目(31070307;30771746);国家科技支撑项目(2011BAD08B02-3);黑龙江重大科技攻关项目(GA09B201-02)资助

摘　　要：研究了施用化肥和农家肥对盐碱地桑树生长和叶片光合及叶绿素荧光日变化的影响,结果表明:盐碱地桑树的生长、光合和叶绿素荧光日变化明显受施肥的影响。施用化肥在一定程度上改善了盐碱地桑树的生长状况,但其作用效果没有农家肥明显。施用农家肥不但促进了桑树地上部生长,而且增加了桑树的根冠比,说明施用农家肥可促进盐碱地桑树根系生长。施用农家肥提高了盐碱地桑树叶片光合能力,表现在桑树的光合日积累量增加和光能原初转化效率提高,维持了盐碱地桑树叶片在中午时PSⅡ反应中心的活性,减缓了盐碱地桑树叶片中午的光抑制。施用农家肥桑树叶片在1天之中可以维持较高的气孔导度和蒸腾速率,以保证光合碳同化原料(CO2)的供应,且降低了桑树叶片中午时的叶面温度和叶片的卷曲程度,从而保持了叶片对光能的捕获和利用能力。In this paper, the effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on plant growth, diurnal variation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in leaves of mulberry grown in saline-alkali soil were investigated. The results showed that organic and chemical fertilizers applied to mulberry had a significant influence on plant growth and photosynthetic characteristics. Organic fertilizers applied to mulberry grown in saline-alkali soil were more efficient than that of chemical fertilizer to improve mulberry growth. Organic fertilizer not only increased above-ground plant growth of mulberry, but also ratio of root and shoot obviously, which indicated that organic fertilizer could promote the growth of mulberry root. Organic fertilizer improved photosynthetic capacity in leaves of mulberry grown in saline-alkali soil by increasing daily photosynthetic accumulation and efficiency of primary conversion of light energy to ensure activity of PS II reaction centers and alleviate photo inhibition at noon. Transpiration rate and stomatal conductance in leaves of mulberry during one day treated with organic fertilizers were higher than that of chemical fertilizers to insure carbon assimilation. And in leaves of mulberry treated with organic fertilizers leaf temperature and leaf curling degree at noon reduced, and capacity of light energy capture and utilization increased.

关 键 词：桑树 盐碱土 农家肥 化肥 光合日变化 

分 类 号：Q945.1[生物学—植物学]