自动观测与人工观测土壤温度差异及分析  

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOIL TEMPERATURES OBTAINED THROUGH AUTOMATIC OBSERVATION AND MANUAL OBSERVATION AND ANALYSIS OF ITS CAUSES

作　　者：任芝花[1] 王国安[1,2] 邹凤玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家气象信息中心,北京100081 [2]河南省气象信息网络与技术保障中心,郑州450003

出　　处：《土壤学报》2013年第4期657-663,共7页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951600);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106038);中国气象局气象新技术推广项目(CMATG2008Z12)共同资助

摘　　要：利用我国基本(准)站在人工观测与自动观测双轨运行期间的平行观测资料,分析了不同观测方式下各层土壤温度的差异。结果表明,全国平均自动与人工观测各层土壤温度的日对比差值均在0.11℃以下,且日对比差值随着深度的增加而减小。从5 cm到320 cm,无论冬季还是夏季,全国绝大部分地区平均对比差值在±0.2℃之间。由浅至深各层土壤温度日对比差值的标准差从0.78℃减小至0.47℃,其不确定度在5～20 cm时均超过了1.0℃,但在深层(40 cm及以下),不确定度已经低于1.0℃。除极个别站外,各层自动与人工观测日平均值无显著性差异。自动与人工观测土壤温度的差异主要是由于土壤中水平温度场分布非均匀和土壤垂直温度梯度很大及对比观测时间不同步造成的。Based on the data obtained through manual observation and automatic observation during the period when all the basic meteorological stations in China monitored soil temperature using the two observation methods simultaneously, analyses were made of differences between soil temperatures obtained through different observation methods in various soil layers. Results show that the difference between manual observation and automatic observation in daily mean soil tempera- ture was no more than 0. 11 ℃ and decreased with increasing soil depth. In the soil layer of 5 cm - 320 cm, whether in winter or in summer, the mean difference was ＋ 0.2℃ in most parts of China. Standard deviation of the daily mean differ- ence in soil temperature between the two methods declined from 0.78℃ in the shallow soil layers to 0.47℃ in the deep soil layers, with uncertainty exceeding ICE in soil layers （5 cm - 20 cm）, but lingering below 1℃ in soil layers （40 cm - 320 cm）. As a matter of fact, no significant difference in daily mean of soil temperatures was found between automatic observation and manual observation in all the observation stations, except a few. The differences observed were attributed to in homogenous distribution of the horizontal temperature field and sharp vertical temperature gradient in the soil and asynchronous operation of the two methods.

关 键 词：自动观测 人工观测 土壤温度 对比差值 

分 类 号：S152.8[农业科学—土壤学]