根区温度对黄瓜生长和土壤养分利用的影响  

EFFECT OF ROOT ZONE TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH OF CUCUMBER AND NUTRIENT UTILIZATION IN SOILS

作　　者：闫秋艳[1,2] 段增强[1] 李汛[1] 董金龙[1] 王嫒华[1] 邢鹏[3] 董飞 

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,南京210008 [4]山西省襄汾县农业委员会,山西襄汾041500

出　　处：《土壤学报》2013年第4期752-760,共9页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室2011年度优秀青年人才项目(Y212000011);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室2012年开放课题(0812201217)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤温度(对照不加温10±2℃、加温至18±2℃、加温至26±2℃)和不同盐分含量土壤(1#>2#>3#)对黄瓜干物质积累、矿质元素吸收与分配特征的影响,并对土壤性状、酶活性的影响进行了研究。结果表明:与对照不加温10℃相比,加温至18℃和26℃可以克服冬季土壤低温对黄瓜生长的限制作用,促进黄瓜苗的正常生长,为黄瓜开花结果提供保障。随着土壤温度升高,黄瓜果实干物重增加;加温至26℃与加温至18℃相比,三种盐分含量土壤1#、2#、3#黄瓜果实干物重分别增加了41.84%、15.49%、3.59%,同时反映了盐分含量高的土壤加温对提高黄瓜产量更明显。与对照不加温相比,土壤加温使黄瓜单株N、P、K的总摄取量增加,促进黄瓜根系吸收的养分向地上部转移,使土壤中速效养分(碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾)含量降低。土壤加温使土壤脲酶活性明显升高,对磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶影响不大。因此,冬季升高土壤温度可增加黄瓜产量,促进土壤养分转化,提高土壤养分利用率。A pot experiment was carried out to study effects of soil temperature and soil salinity on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity in the soil as well as dry matter accumulation, nutrient uptake and distribution of cucumber. The experiment was designed to have 3 levels of soil temperature （ 10℃ as control, 18℃ and 26℃ ） and 3 lev-els of salinity （ 1# 〉 2# 〉 3#）. Results showed that compared with control, 18℃ and 26℃ wiped out the obstacle of low soil temperature for growth of the plant in winter, promoted normal growth of cucumber seedlings and provided the plants with guarantee to blossom and yield. With soil temperature rising from 18℃ to 26~ , cucumber fruit dry weight increased by 41.84% , 15.49% , and 3.59% in soil 1#, soil 2# and soil 3#, respectively, demonstrating that the effect of higher soil temperature was more significant in soils high in salt content. Higher soil temperature increased total nutrient （N, P and K） uptake of the plant, promoted transfer of nutrients from roots to shoots and reduce the contents of readily available nutrients （alkalysitc N, readily available P and readily available K） in the soil. Higher soil temperature significantly in- creased urease activity, but did not have much effect on the activities of phosphatase and catalase. Therefore, raising soil temperature in winter can increase cucumber yield, promote soil nutrient transformation and improve soil nutrient utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：土壤温度 黄瓜 干物重 养分吸收 土壤性质 酶活性 

分 类 号：S642.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]