不同施肥处理对潮棕壤磷素累积与剖面分布的影响  

EFFECTS OF FERTILIZATION ON ACCUMULATION AND PROFILE DISTRIBUTION OF PHOSPHORUS IN AQUIC BROWN SOIL

作　　者：王月立[1,2] 张翠翠[3] 马强[1] 周桦[1] 徐永刚[1] 姜春明[1] 宇万太[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]河南农业职业学院,郑州451450

出　　处：《土壤学报》2013年第4期761-768,共8页Acta Pedologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000206);国家科技支撑计划课题项目(2012BAD05B01);辽宁省自然科学基金项目(201102225)资助

摘　　要：以下辽河平原的长期定位试验为平台,通过比较不同肥料类型和用量条件下表层土壤全磷及土壤剖面(0～80 cm)中速效磷的分布差异,研究长期不同施肥条件对土壤中磷素垂直迁移的影响。结果表明:(1)在各施磷肥处理下,土壤磷素收支盈余,表层土壤全磷和速效磷含量均明显升高,且土壤磷收支的盈亏值(x)与土壤速效磷的增减量(y)呈显著直线关系y=0.070 1x+8.538 9(R2=0.89**),其中磷素盈余量的15.8%进入到土壤速效库内;(2)化肥磷施用量为50和100 kg hm-2时,60～80 cm土层内速效磷含量显著高于对照,说明存在磷素的垂直迁移;(3)相对于化肥而言,施用有机肥更易于磷素向下迁移;(4)在施肥、有机质含量和作物吸收等多种因素影响下,土壤速效磷在土壤剖面中呈现上下层高、中间层低的空间分布格局,最低值出现在20～40 cm土层。Comparisons were made between treatments of a long-term stationary experiment in a field of aquic brown soil in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain for analysis of effects of type and application rate of fertilizer on distribution of total phosphorus （TP） in the surface soil layer and of available phosphorus （AP） throughout the soil profile （0 80cm）. Result show that in all the treatments receiving fertilizer P, soil P gained in positive budget of TP in the surface soil layer and AP increasing obviously , and a significant linear relationship was found between budget of soil P （x） and balance ofAP （y） y = 0.070 lx ＋8.5389 （R2 =0.89^＊＊）. About 15.8% of the surplus P entered APpool. When P application rate went beyond 50 kg hm -2, the AP content in the 60 - 80 cm soil layer was significantly higher than that in the control, suggesting that vertical transport of P existed. Compared with chemical fertilizer, organic manure is more like- ly to cause downwards transport of P. Affected by a number of factors, like fertilizer, organic matter content, crop uptake, etc. , the distribution of soil available phosphorus in the soil profile showed a pattern of being high in the upper and lower layers and low in the middle layer, with the lowest observed in the 20 -40 cm soil layer.

关 键 词：长期施肥 速效磷 土壤剖面 下辽河平原 

分 类 号：S151[农业科学—土壤学]