不同机械处理对白栎种子萌发的影响  

Effects of mechanical treatments on seed germination of Quercus fabri Hance

作　　者：刘艳[1,2] 李庆梅[1] 刘勇[2] 侯龙鱼[3] 刘广全[4,5,6] 

机构地区：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091 [2]北京林业大学森林培育与保护教育部重点试验室,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学草业科学系,北京100193 [4]国际泥沙研究培训中心,北京100048 [5]中国水利水电科学研究院,北京100048 [6]西北农林科技大学,杨凌712100

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2013年第7期867-871,共5页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2010CB951301-6);林业公益性行业科研专项(200804022B-3)资助

摘　　要：为有效解决白栎(Quercus fabri Hance)种子延迟萌发和出苗不整齐的问题,研究了不同机械处理(对照、去碗疤、去皮、去皮及切除1/2子叶、去皮及切除2/3子叶)对白栎种子萌发和生长的影响。结果表明:(1)去皮、去皮及切除1/2子叶处理的种子根的平均萌发时间分别比对照显著缩短39 d和36 d,芽的平均萌发时间分别比对照显著缩短52 d和51 d,根的萌发整齐性指数分别显著提高0.3和0.2,芽的萌发整齐性指数均显著提高0.4,2个处理显著增加了白栎种子出根率(平均增加57.8%)与萌芽率(平均增加33.3%),去皮处理促进了根的生长(增加3.0 cm);(2)去皮及切除2/3子叶处理显著缩短了白栎种子根和芽的平均萌发时间(分别缩短36 d和50 d),提高了萌发整齐性指数(分别提高0.2和0.4)和生根率(均增加26.7%),但萌芽率、根长和苗高均与对照无显著差异;(3)去碗疤处理显著降低了白栎种子根和芽的平均发芽时间(分别缩短16 d和21 d),但萌发整齐性指数、出根率、萌芽率、根长和苗高均没有显著变化。因此,去皮和去皮及切除1/2子叶处理效果较好,能有效促进白栎种子萌发和整齐性出苗,对白栎的育苗工作有重要的实践意义。Oaks germinate asynchronously under natural conditions and the difference between first and last germinating acorns can be up to a few weeks.In addition,acorns of the subgenus Erythrobalanus usually exhibit delayed germination.The epicotyls germinate 20 days later than the roots.Thick tap roots of Quercus aliena seed grow down several centimeters into the soil instead of a green shoot in the fall.These characters of acorns negatively affect the quality of seedlings.In the past several decades,some feasible practices and associated mechanisms have been published for some oak species in Europe,North America and Asia.And the researches advanced that removing pericarp or cutting parts of cotyledons increased germination percentage and accelerated germination.Although,the previous studies dealt with acorn germination and seedling emergence,the root and seedling development were little understood,especially root development.To solve the problems of delayed and irregular germination of Q.fabri seeds,acorns were mechanically treated in five ways： CK（without any mechanical treatment）,cup scar removal（RS）,pericarp removal（RP）,pericarp removal and half cotyledon cutting（RHC）,pericarp removal and 2/3 cotyledon cutting（RPC）.Treated acorns were placed onto petri dishes（11.5 cm diameter） with filter paper moistened by distilled water under 25 ℃ and 8 hours light.As acorns germinated（when the length of radicle was longer than acorn length）,root and shoot emergence were investigated every seven days.The length of all roots and shoots were measured at the end of the experiment（137 days）.Germination percentage,vigor index,mean germination time and synchronization index of roots and shoots were calculated to probe delay and irregular germination of Q.fabri seeds.The results showed that：（1） The mean root germination time of RP and RHC were respectively 39 d and 36 d shorter,while the mean shoot mean germination time of the two treatments were 52 d and 51 d shorter than that of CK,respectively

关 键 词：机械处理 生根率 萌芽率 平均萌发时间 种子 白栎 

分 类 号：S718.43[农业科学—林学]