两株高效石油烃氧化菌的正十六烷降解特性  

Identification of two high-efficiency hexadecane-degrading bacteria and their degradation characteristics

作　　者：张洁[1] 王卫卫[1] 郭欣[1] 王楠[1] 陶发琴[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学西部资源生物与现代生物技术教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710069

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第3期403-410,共8页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(SJ082ZT03)

摘　　要：研究从长庆、延长油田油泥中分离出的两株高效石油烃氧化菌PDA2(红球菌属)和PDB3(假单胞菌属)对正十六烷的降解特性和各降解特性之间进行关联分析。测定菌株在不同温度、pH、底物浓度、接种量、盐度和H2O2条件下菌株对正十六烷的降解率,并测定降解过程中表面活性剂、乳化剂、酸的产量和细胞表面疏水性变化。PDB3在30℃,pH7,初始正十六烷浓度1%,接种量5%,H2O2600 mg/L时可以降解98.5%的正十六烷,PDA2在30℃,pH7,初始十六烷浓度1%,接种量5%,H2O2400 mg/L时,可以降解89.4%的正十六烷,PDB3培养72 h产生3.8 cm的排油圈、336mg/L的酸、55%的乳化率,PDA2培养72 h产生1.5 cm的排油圈、362 mg/L的酸、35%的乳化率,PDB3和PDA2在十六烷培养液中的疏水性与在葡萄糖培养液中的疏水性没有发生明显改变。在温度为45℃,盐度为1%～3%时,两株菌对正十六烷降解率超过50%,添加适量H2O2促进菌株对正十六烷的降解;细胞产生的表面活性剂和乳化剂协同作用促进菌株对正十六烷的降解,表面活性剂的产生并没有增加菌株细胞表面的疏水性,疏水性弱(低于10%)的细胞产生的表面活性剂多。这两株自身产表面活性剂的菌株对后续石油烃降解的理论及应用研究具有重要意义。To Study the hexadecane degradation characteristics of two high performance hydrocarbon oxidation bacte- ria strains of PDB3 （Pseudomonas sp. ） and PDA2 （Rhodococcs s-p. ） isolated from oil contaminated soil in Chan- gqing and YanChang oil fields, and analyse the relationships among the characteristics. The characteristics of the two strains were conducted including etabolized surfactant, emulsifier, acid, the change of cell surface hydropho- bieity and the hexadecane degradation rates under different temperature, pH, the concentration of hexadecane, in- oculum size, salinity and H2O2 content. The degradation ratio of 1% hexadecane could reach to 98.5% under 30℃ ,pH 7,5% inoculum size,600 mg/L H2O2 by PDB3, to 89.4% under 30℃, pH 7,5% inoculum size,400 mg/L H202byPDA2. The diameters of clear zone were 3.8cm and 1.5cm, acid concentrations were 336 mg/L and 362 mg/L, emulsification rates were 55% and 35% respectively after 96 h cultivation. There was no distinct differ- ence of cell surface hydrophobicity between the two stains when they were cultivated in mineral medium containing hexadecane or glucose. The hexadecane degradation rates of both strains were over 50% under 45℃ and 1% -3% salinity. Appropriate amount of H202 helped the hexadecane degradation. Biosurfactant helped the hexadecane deg- radation cooperated with emulsifier. Biosurfactant didn＇t enhance the cell hydrophobicity.

关 键 词：假单胞菌属 红球菌属 正十六烷 降解特性 

分 类 号：TE99[石油与天然气工程—石油机械设备]