水淹对三峡库区消落带南川柳植物群落的影响  

Influence of flooding on community characterization of the species Salix rosthornii Seemen in water level fluctuation zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作　　者：艾丽皎[1,2] 余居华 张银龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京林业大学森林资源与环境学院,江苏南京210037 [2]重庆市风景园林科学研究院,重庆401329 [3]重庆市城市园林绿化工程技术研究中心,重庆401329

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第4期23-28,共6页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University：Natural Sciences Edition

基　　金：重庆市科技计划项目"科技平台与基地建设"(cstc2011pt-gc80019);重庆市森林工程建设科技支撑重大专项(2009-2012);重庆市园林局科技计划项目(2012)

摘　　要：根据三峡库区冬蓄夏汛的水文生态过程,研究了消落带典型的冬季蓄水淹没和夏季汛期水淹对不同高程消落带土著植物南川柳(Salix rosthornii Seemen)的盖度、基径和株高等生物学特征及群落物种多样性格局的影响。结果表明:冬季水淹后172 m高程南川柳平均盖度与株高及175 m高程平均株高显著增大(p<0.05),而对两高程段南川柳基径影响不明显(p>0.05)。夏季水淹后,172 m高程南川柳平均盖度显著降低(p<0.05),基径和株高变化较小(p>0.05);而175 m高程南川柳生物学特征受水淹影响不明显(p>0.05)。经过冬季和夏季水淹,172 m高程物种Patrick丰富度指数和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数先增大后降低,而175 m高程则出现相反变化趋势;172 m高程Simpson优势度指数显著增大(p<0.05),而175 m高程仅冬季水淹后显著增大(p<0.05)。就水淹后生物特征短时效而言,南川柳可以有效地作为三峡消落带植被恢复的适生物种,但为降低夏季水淹后由泥沙堆压造成的物理胁迫,需要适当的人为管护。Based on the hydro-ecological process of the Three Gorges Reservoir（TGR） , the field sample plot survey was conducted to study the influences of the typical winter impounding and summer flooding processes on plant biological characterization （vegetative coverage, base diameters and heights） of the Salix rosthornii Seemen and patterns of the species biodiversity in forest community. The results showed that： after the winter impounding process, plant coverage and heights of S. rosthornii on the 172 m elevation increased remarkably（p 〈 0.05）, and plant heights of the 175 m ele- vation also differed significantly（p 〈 0.05）, but it was not the case for the base diameters on both elevation. After the summer flooding, there was no obvious difference in the biological characteristics on the 175 m ahitude（p 〉 0.05）. In contrary, plant coverage dramatically reduced on the 172 m elevation（p 〈 0.05）, but this was not for the base diameters and heights. After winter and summer impoundment, Patrick diversity and Shannon-Wiener diversity increased initially and then declined, whereas the trend of 175 m altitude was opposite. Simpson diversity increased rapidly（p 〈 0.05 ）on the 172 m altitude, which varied significantly after winter impoundment（p 〈 0.05）. With regard to the short term of ec- ological characteristic after flooding, S. rosthornii is an effective species for the plant restoration of water level fluctuation zone（WLFZ） in the TGR area. Approaches of appropriate human management should be taken to decline the adversity stress induced by silt deposition and sand deposition after summer flooding events.

关 键 词：消落带 水文生态过程 生物多样性 南川柳 三峡库区 

分 类 号：Q145[生物学—生态学] S718[生物学—普通生物学]