中国古代分野理论中分星变化的原因考究  

The Reason for the Changes of the Fenxing in the Ancient Chinese Fenye Theory

作　　者：周亮[1,2] 李勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院国家天文台,北京100012 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文研究与技术》2013年第3期321-328,共8页Astronomical Research & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(10973022)资助

摘　　要：分野是中国古天文以及术数论中的重要概念,是传统文化中特有的天、地对应关系。通过对正史等相关史料的分析研究:(1)认定岁差不是引发十二次二十八宿分野中分星变化的主要因素,经对16种文献的计算表明,文献分野体系中的分星变化与岁差的符合率小于26.7%。(2)分星变化受十二次划分均匀与否、分野概念演变、历法因素及观测精度,甚至包括文献作者的主观因素等的影响,这在地方志中表现犹为突出。The Fenye concept is important in ancient Chinese astronomy and astrology, and it is a correspondence between heaven and earth in the traditional Chinese culture. In the ancient Chinese astronomy, the constellations in the belt along the celestial equator （or the ecliptic） are usually divided and associated with the areas on the earth like Zhou （an ancient dominant state） and Guo （another state）. The areas of the earth involved are collectively called the Fenye of the constellations. There are three types of Fenye theories. The first type are the Ganzhi theories （the Heavenly Stems and Earthly Branches）, which involve three kinds of Fenye schemes, the Shigan （ the ten Heavenly Stems） Fenye, the Shierzhi （ the twelve Earthly Branches） Fenye, and the Shieryue （the twelve months） Fenye. The second type is Jiugong （Nine-Palace） theory, i.e. Jiugong Fenye. The third type are the Xintu theories, which have four kinds of models, the Danxing （single-star） Fenye, Wuxing （Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn ） Fenye, Shierci-Ershibaxiu Fenye, and Beidou （Big-Dipper） Fenye. The Shierci-Ershibaxiu Fenye is most important among these. In the ancient China, the belt along the celestial equator （or the ecliptic） is divided into 12 equal parts, which are called Shierci （12 sets of stars along the Jupiter pathway in the sky）. The location of each part on the equator （or the ecliptic ） is usually represented with its Ruxiudu in the Ershibaxiu （28 lunar mansions）. A Ruxiudu is equal to the degrees from the nearest lunar mansion. The Fenxing is the association of regions in the belt to the 12 parts of the Shierci. The Shierci-Ershibaxiu Fenye is the subject of this paper. Based on the analysis and research about ancient official annals, local chronicles, and other relevant historical records, we find that （ 1 ） the earth precession is not the main reason for the changes of Fenxing, especially in the model of the Shierci-Ershibaxiu Fenye, as the agreement fraction b

关 键 词：天文学史和哲学 二十八宿 十二次 岁差 分野 

分 类 号：P1-092[天文地球—天文学]