新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼(Canis lupus)与社区牧民冲突的调查分析  

Conflicts between Canis lupusand Community Nomads in the Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve,Xinjiang,China

作　　者：刘姝[1,2] 初红军[1,2] 韩丽丽[1,2] 陶永善 葛炎 马建伟[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学资源与环境科学学院绿洲生态教育部重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830046 [2]新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站,新疆阿勒泰836500

出　　处：《干旱区研究》2013年第4期681-688,共8页Arid Zone Research

基　　金：新疆自治区科技支撑计划项目(201233131);卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区阿勒泰管理站中央财政森林生态效益补偿基金项目

摘　　要：近5 a来,卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼捕食家畜事件频繁发生,给当地社区牧民造成经济损失并带来心理恐慌,狼与牧民冲突日益尖锐。2012年7—8月,采用入户面对面访谈的方法,调查了卡拉麦里山保护区内狼的危害状况以及当地社区牧民与狼之间的冲突。结果表明:①6个乡的牧民普遍认为在冬牧点或河谷定居点周围有狼,但是其数量有明显的差异;②在卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区狼捕食家畜的顺序是:绵羊、牛、骆驼、山羊和马,狼对绵羊明显存在捕食偏好。每户被狼捕杀家畜的数量与家庭家畜拥有量呈极显著正相关;③狼袭击家畜的时间存在极显著的差异,以夜晚最为频繁,并且多发生在牧民的冬牧场,即在冬季捕食率较高;④狼一般远离道路和人类活动频繁的矿点、旅游点,而在靠近冬牧点和水源点的地方捕食家畜;⑤60.5%的牧民认为狼对草原生态系统是有害的。In recent 5 years,wolves（Canis lupus） preyed on livestock frequently and caused huge economic losses to the local community nomads,and more and more sharp conflicts between wolves and the nomads occurred.In order to investigate the current situation of wolves and the conflicts between wolves and local community nomads in the Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve,the face-to-face interview investigation was used to survey the questions mentioned above from July to August 2012.The results were as follows：（1） The community nomads in 6 townships thought generally that there were wolves around the winter nomad settlements or valley settlements,but the number of wolves was obviously different from different regions;（2） In the Mt.Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve,sheep,cattle,camels,goats and horses were the main livestock species preyed on by wolves,especially sheep,and there was an extremely positive correlation between the number of livestock killed by wolves and the owned livestock number of the families;（3） Wolf predation to livestock occurred mainly in winter pastures at night;（4） Wolves preyed on livestock close to the nomad settlements and water sources far away from the roads,mining areas and tourist spots where human activities were frequent;（5） About 60.5% nomads thought that wolves were harmful to prairie ecosystem.

关 键 词：狼(Canis lupus) 社区牧民 家畜 冲突 卡拉麦里山有蹄类自然保护区 新疆 

分 类 号：Q958[生物学—动物学]