普通小麦-冰草6P染色体中间插入易位系的鉴定  

Identification of Wheat-Agropyron cristatum 6P Chromosome Intercalary Translocation Lines

作　　者：黄琛[1] 张锦鹏[1] 刘伟华[1] 杨欣明[1] 李秀全[1] 鲁玉清[1] 李立会[1] 高爱农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程,北京100081

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2013年第4期606-611,共6页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家"863"重大专项"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划项目(2011AA100102)

摘　　要：远缘杂交技术是将小麦野生近缘植物的染色体片段导入小麦的有效途径。通过这种方法可以拓宽小麦的遗传基础,导入控制优异性状的基因,从而达到改良小麦的目的。为了获得在小麦遗传育种中具有较高研究利用价值的纯合小麦-冰草小片段异源染色体易位系,利用细胞学手段对普通小麦-冰草的远缘杂交后代进行鉴定。本研究以小麦-冰草二体代换系4844-8、二体附加系4844-12与普通小麦杂交后辐照产生的易位系为材料,利用基因组原位杂交(GISH)技术从中鉴定出2个具有冰草染色体小片段的纯合中间插入易位系,其中易位系104-3高抗小麦白粉病、高千粒重;易位系19-2具有较高的穗粒数和较高的千粒重。本研究表明,2个纯合中间插入易位系是丰富小麦基因资源的优异遗传材料,具有较高的研究利用价值。Distant hybridization is a practical way to introduce the chromatins carrying agronomically desirable genes of the wheat related species into the common wheat in order to enhance the diversity of the wheat genetic pool.The aim of this study was to identify the homozygous small segmental translocation lines with excellent agronomic performances among the progenies of the hybridization between wheat and alien species by using genomic in situ hybridization（GISH）.In this study,the translocation progenies of the hybridization between the wheat-Agropyrum cristatum disomic substitution line 4844-8 and common wheat,and the disomic addition line 4844-12 and common wheat,were studied.Two intercalary translocation lines with a pair of small homozygous A.cristatum chromatin segments were identified with GISH respectively.The intercalary translocation line 104-3,with high thousand grain weight（TGW） was resistant to powdery mildew.The intercalary translocation line 19-2 was excellent for its high grain number per spike（GNPS） and high TGW.The excellent agronomic performances of these two lines indicated that they were elite genetic resources,and could be used to broaden the wheat genetic basis in the future.

关 键 词：易位系 GISH 穗粒数 千粒重 白粉病 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]