中国枸杞种质资源主要形态学性状调查与聚类分析  

The Investigation and Cluster Analysis of Main Morphological Characters for Germplasm of Chinese Wolfberry

作　　者：袁海静 安巍 李立会[2] 曹有龙 刘伟华[2] 董立国[3] 李丁仁 王孝 

机构地区：[1]国家枸杞工程技术中心 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所农作物种质资源中心 [3]宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2013年第4期627-633,共7页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2007Zr157)

摘　　要：为了进一步研究中国枸杞种质资源的遗传多样性及其之间关系,本研究利用主成分和聚类分析方法,对宁夏保存的31份中国枸杞以及1份美国枸杞、1份韩国枸杞种质资源的主要形态学性状进行了分析。结果表明,这些枸杞资源形态差异较大,遗传多样性程度较高;枸杞叶片形状、枝条硬度和颜色、果实颜色、花器等性状的演化,尤其是果实的颜色由黑色→红色→黄色演变,叶片形状由披针→条状披针→条状演变的趋势较为明显;宁夏黄果枸杞与中宁黑果枸杞的遗传距离较远,与宁夏枸杞栽培种宁杞1号、宁杞2号遗传距离较近,再次证明宁夏黄果枸杞是宁夏枸杞的1个变种;枸杞株高、冠幅、地径、自然株型、叶片形状、枝条硬度、叶面状态、果实颜色、花的形状等在枸杞遗传性状中起支配作用,可作为枸杞新品种选育的参考指标;中国枸杞种质资源可以分为10个类群,与7种3变种植物学分类结果相似;计算出了各个遗传类群之间、33份枸杞材料之间的遗传距离。For further study genetics diversity and relation of Chinese wolfberry germplasm,main morphological characters of 31 landrace wolfberry samples originally from China,1 sample from USA,and 1 sample from Republic of Korea conserved in Ningxia were analyzed by principal component and cluster methods in this paper.Results showed that these wolfberry materials had bigger differences for morphological characters and higher diversity for genetics.Evolution trends of morphological characters including leaf shape,wattle firmness and color,fruit color,and flower organ,especially,fruit color from black→red→yellow,and leaf shape from lanceolate→strip lanceolate→strip evolution trends were obvious.Genetic distance was longer between Ningxia yellow-fruit-wolfberry and Zhongning black fruit wolfberry,compared with genetic distance between Ningxia yellow-fruit-wolfberry and Ningxia wolfberry cultivars such as Ningqi 1 and Ningqi 2.It confirmed again that Ningxia yellow-fruit wolfberry was a mutation variety of Ningxia wolfberry.Among genetic characters,wolfberry plant height,crown,ground diameter,natural plant type,foliage shape,wattle firmness,leaf position,fruit color,and flower form played dominant roles.Therefore,they could be referent breeding indices for new cultivar selection.Chinese wolfberry germplasm could be clustered into 10 genetic groups.It was similar to botanical classification result including 7 species and 3 mutations.Genetic distances among groups,as well as 33 wolfberry materials,had been identified.

关 键 词：枸杞 种质资源 形态学性状 主成分 遗传类群 

分 类 号：S567.19[农业科学—中草药栽培]