甘肃省及河西走廊地区乙型脑炎疫区变迁分析  

Epidemic area and geographic distribution of Japanese encephalitis in Gansu province

作　　者：王旭霞[1] 王平贵[1] 王芳[1] 张晓曙[1] 李慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省疾病预防控制中心免疫规划科,兰州730000

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2013年第7期992-996,共5页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：中华预防医学会公共卫生应用研究与疫苗可预防疾病科研项目(20102802);甘肃卫生行业科研计划项目(GSWST201010)

摘　　要：目的分析甘肃省及河西走廊地区乙型脑炎(乙脑)疫区变迁趋势,探讨甘肃省乙脑重点防控区及河西走廊地区乙脑疫情特征。方法利用甘肃省疾病预防控制中心1958—2010年疫情资料和法定传染病报告系统资料,运用描述流行病学方法和局部地区调查,分析1980年开始使用乙脑疫苗前后甘肃省乙脑发病率和疫区地理分布变化及河西走廊地区乙脑疫情。结果 1958—1980年,甘肃省乙脑年均发病率为0.65/10万;1980年开始推广使用乙脑疫苗,到2010年,发病降至0.13/10万,未出现乙脑较大流行;发病率较高的县(市、区)分布于甘肃省陇南市、天水市和平凉市,发病趋势与全省平均发病趋势基本一致,是甘肃省乙脑防控的重点地区;1958—1980年,河西走廊累计报告乙脑病例88例,年均发病率为0.13/10万,1981年以来,仅张掖市甘州区报告1例非本地发病乙脑病例;2011年8月调查河西走廊地区7个县(区、市)县级以上医院的住院病例,共发现疑似脑炎病例587例。结论甘肃省在使用乙脑疫苗后,乙脑发病水平明显降低,东南部地区是甘肃省乙脑重点防控区,河西走廊是否存在乙脑病例尚需进一步调查并进行全面监测。Objective To analyze changing trend of Japanese encephalitis（JE） epidemic in Gansu province and Hexi Corridor and to examine the characteristics of JE epidemic in Hexi Corridor.Methods The data of field study and surveillance on JE in Gansu from 1958 to 2010 from National Notifiable Disease Reporting System were Abstracted to analyze the changes in incidence and regional distribution of JE in Hexi Corridor before and after immunization of JE vaccine using descriptive epidemiology methods.Results From 1958 to 1980,the average annual incidence of JE was 0.65/100 000 in Gansu.There was no epidemic of JE in Gansu after JE vaccination in 1980 and the incidence of JE in 2010 dropped to 0.14/100 000.The areas at higher risk of JE epidemic were located in Tianshui,Pingliang,and Longnan city,which were the key areas of JE control and prevention in Gansu.From 1958 to 1980,there were totally 88 JE cases and the average annual incidence of JE was 0.13/100 000 in Hexi Corridor.From 1981 up to now,only one nonlocal incidence case of JE was reported.In August 2011,a total of 587 cases of suspected encephalitis were found through a survey among inpatient cases of country or above country level hospitals in seven countries in Hexi Corridor.Conclusion JE incidence in Gansu was significantly decreased in JE immunization era.The southeast of Gansu was key area of prevention and control and further investigation is necessitated to assess whether JE epidemic being undercontrol in Hexi Corridor.

关 键 词：流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑) 地理分布 疫区变迁 

分 类 号：R181.8[医药卫生—流行病学]