哈尔滨市PM 2.5污染水平对人群呼吸系统疾病影响  

Concentration and effect of PM 2.5 on respiratory diseases in residents of Harbin city

作　　者：崔国权[1] 康真[1] 吕嵩[1] 李泓冰[1] 李韶梅[1] 刘晓波[1] 朱琳[1] 杨超[1] 袁慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨市疾病预防控制中心,黑龙江150056

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2013年第7期1046-1048,共3页Chinese Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的探讨黑龙江省哈尔滨市大气中PM 2.5的污染水平及其对人群呼吸系统疾病的影响。方法2009—2011年在哈尔滨市城区人口相对密集的道里、道外区设点监测PM 2.5浓度,收集气象资料、城区人群呼吸系统疾病门诊就诊率和呼吸系统疾病死亡率的数据,运用统计学方法进行PM 2.5的污染水平描述及对人群呼吸系统疾病危险度评估。结果监测数据表明,2009—2011年哈尔滨市PM 2.5污染水平逐年加重,采暖期(每年的1—4月和11—12月)PM 2.5浓度均高于非采暖期(每年的5—10月),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Pearson相关分析结果表明,采暖期PM 2.5浓度与平均温度、最高气温、最低气温、降水总量、日照时数均呈负相关(P<0.05);2009—2011年哈尔滨市第二医院采暖期呼吸内科门诊就诊率均高于非采暖期,差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);2009、2010、2011年PM 2.5日均浓度分别增加44、35、60μg/m3时,呼吸系统疾病就诊人数分别增加11.6%、18.9%、35.8%。结论哈尔滨市PM 2.5污染严重,每年的采暖期是预防人群呼吸系统疾病的重要时期。Objective To explore the concentration of particulate matter less than 2.5 micrometer in aerodynamic diameter（PM 2.5） and its health effect among residents in Harbin city.Methods The data on atmospheric PM 2.5 concentration,meteorologic factors,the numbers out-patients with respiratory diseases,and mortality of respiratory diseases in Daoli and Daowai district of Harbin city from 2009 to 2011 were collected and analyzed.The risk of respiratory diseases associated with PM 2.5 was evaluated.Results The results showed that the concentration of PM 2.5 increased year by year and was significantly higher in heating period（from November of the year to April of the next year） compared to that of other months（P＆lt;0.05）.The concentration of PM 2.5 was inversely correlated with the daily average temperature and monthly rainfall（r=-0.623,P=0.006 and r=-0.606,P=0.008）（P＆lt;0.001）.The number of outpatients visiting the Department of Respiratory Disease of the Second Municipal Hospital of Harbin City increased significantly in heating period,with the increased proportions of 11.6%,18.9%,and 35.8% for the year of 2009 to 2011 and the PM 2.5 concentration in the heating period of the three year was 44,35,and 60 μg/m3,respectively.Conclusion The concentration of PM 2.5 in Harbin city was 1.97-2.66 times higher than the national standard and PM 2.5 pollution was especially serious and associated with the number of outpatients visiting respinatory disease department during heating period in Harbin city.

关 键 词：PM2 5 污染 采暖期 呼吸系统疾病 影响 

分 类 号：R122.7[医药卫生—环境卫生学]