孝感市2007～2011年围产儿出生缺陷流行病学调查  

Study on perinatal birth defects from 2007 to 2011 in Xiaogan City

作　　者：邱越[1] 陆敏 杨树杰[1] 刘景丽[1] 付汉东[1] 彭红华[1] 李君 罗红英 余小艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]孝感市中心医院,湖北孝感432000 [2]孝感市妇幼保健院 [3]应城市妇幼保健院 [4]云梦县妇幼保健院

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2013年第14期2611-2613,2616,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中华预防医学会公共卫生应用研究与疫苗可预防疾病科研项目(20101702)

摘　　要：目的掌握孝感市围产儿出生缺陷的流行病学特征,分析主要出生缺陷的高危因素,制定有效的预防措施,提高出生人口的素质。方法采用《出生缺陷儿登记卡》收集孝感市所有助产技术单位2007～2011年围产儿出生缺陷的监测资料,并对其进行回顾性分析。结果 5年出生缺陷总发生率为4.26‰,各年出生缺陷发生率无统计学差异(P﹥0.05);常见出生缺陷中前5位分别是多指多趾(0.61‰),外耳畸形(0.47‰),唇裂伴腭裂(0.45‰),唇裂(0.39‰),先天性心脏病(0.32‰);产前诊断率为21.08%,其中B超诊断率为14.46%;孕产妇年龄大于35岁或小于20岁围产儿出生缺陷发生率明显增高,男婴出生缺陷发生率高于女婴,农村出生缺陷发生率高于城镇,此外孕母文化程度越高,家庭收入越高,围产儿出生缺陷发生率越低。结论孝感市近5年围产儿出生缺陷以体表畸形为主,母亲的年龄、文化程度、经济水平、居住地等是围产儿出生缺陷的高危因素,农村为出生缺陷预防的重点。加强婚前与孕期保健的宣教,提高产前诊断技术适时终止妊娠,可有效降低出生缺陷发生率。OBJECTIVE To master the epidemiology of birth defect in Xiaogan City, analysis the dynamic trends and try to find out the main factors that may affect birth defects so as to develop effective preventive measures to improve the quality of newborn births. METHODS All the perinatal birth defects monitoring data of year 2007-2011 that in all the midwifery unit of Xiaogan were collected by child birth defects registration card and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS Five-year birth defects incidence was 4.26‰ and the rates among the 5 years had no statistic difference （P﹥0.05）. The common birth defects in the top five were multi-finger polydactyly （0.61‰）, external ear malformation （0.47‰）, cleft lip with cleft palate （0.45‰）, cleft lip （0.39‰） and congenital heart disease （0.32‰）. Prenatal diagnosis rate was 21.08%, of which B-ultrasound diagnosis was 14.46%. Age of the maternal was a factor to birth defects that when the mother was older than 35 or younger than 20 the incidence of birth defects was obviously higher than other age group. Male birth defects rate were higher than females. The defects rate in countries was higher than that in towns. There was a positive relationship between the maternal education level or lower household income and rate of perinatal birth defects. CONCLUSION The main birth defects in Xiaogan of the last five years are the surface defects and the high risk factor of the birth defects are mother age , education level, economic level and place of residence. The rural areas are the focus to make prevention. So we should strengthen promotion of marriage and pregnancy health and improve prenatal diagnostic techniques so as to reduce the incidence of birth defects effectively.

关 键 词：围产儿 出生缺陷 监测 干预措施 

分 类 号：R272.1[医药卫生—中医儿科学]