无机纳米颗粒的加入对复合超滤膜成膜过程的影响  

Influence of inorganic nano-particle addition on the formation of the composite ultra-filtering membrane

作　　者：孙鸿[1] 宋华[1] 刘江红[1] 芦艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第3期47-49,共3页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家高新技术研究发展计划项目(863-2008AA06Z304);国家博士基金特别资助项目(200902395)

摘　　要：为了提高有机高分子材料聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)超滤膜的亲水性,增强其在污水处理中的抗污染能力,采用无机纳米氧化钛(TiO2)和氧化铝(Al2O3)颗粒对PVDF进行改性,制备(TiO2+Al2O3)/PVDF改性复合超滤膜。为考察无机纳米颗粒对复合超滤膜成膜过程的影响,采用浊点滴定法测定铸膜液体系的分相点,绘制三元相图,以考察纳米颗粒的加入对PVDF超滤膜成膜过程中的热力学影响;采用紫外分光光度计测定铸膜液体系的透光度下降曲线,考察纳米颗粒对PVDF成膜过程中的动力学影响。结果表明:纳米颗粒的加入降低了铸膜液容纳非溶剂的能力,使其在较小的非溶剂浓度下即可固化成膜;纳米颗粒使铸膜液中溶剂与非溶剂双向扩散的传质阻力增加,缩短了铸膜液浸入凝胶浴瞬间至固化成膜的时间。The present paper is aimed at introducing our study results of the influence of inorganic nano-particle addition on the formation of the composite ultra-filtering membrane.For this purpose,we have done a lot of tests and experiments to examine the effects of nanoparticles on the PVDF crystal in the process of membrane formation in hoping to clarify the role of the inorganic nanoparticles in forming the composite ultra-filtering membrane.In addition,we have also investigated the thermodynamic effects of nanoparticles on the PVDF membrane formation by using the Ternary system phase plot so as to enhance the organic polymer material PVDF by testing the membrane＇ hydrophilicity and its anti-pollution capability in water purification.Furthermore,we have also done experiments with an intention to modify the organic polymer material PVDF and work out（TiO2 ＋ Al2O3）/PVDF modified composite ultrafiltration membrane by using inorganic nano-dioxide（TiO2） and alumina（Al2O3） particles.Besides,we have measured the UV spectrophotometer transmittance decline curve of the casting solution system so as to clarify the kinetic function of the nanoparticles in the PVDF membrane formation.The results of our systematic research show that adding nanoparticles can help to slash the cohesive tendency of the polymer in the casting solution,which tends to become thermodynamically unstable.Moreover,nanoparticles can help to reduce the capacity of non-solvent accommodation in the casting solution and make the membrane formation process realistic in a smaller non-solvent concentration.What is more,the nanoparticles in the casting solution also prove to be able to enhance the two-way transfer resistance of the solvent and non-solvent so as to shorten the membrane formation process from the casting solution immersing in the gelation bath.

关 键 词：环境工程学 复合超滤膜 三元相图 热力学影响 动力学影响 

分 类 号：TQ050.4[化学工程]