硼砂制取工艺生命周期环境影响评价探讨  

Assessment analysis of the life cycle of borax preparation process

作　　者：钱洪伟[1,2] 尹香菊[3] 

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学安全与应急管理研究中心,河南焦作454000 [2]河南理工大学应急管理学院,河南焦作454000 [3]河南理工大学资源环境学院,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第3期127-131,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50874029);国家863计划项目(2006AA06Z368);河南理工大学博士基金项目(B2010-49)

摘　　要：为了系统地评估硼砂(Na2B4O7.10H2O)两种制取工艺(即加压碱解法及碳碱法)全流程对环境的影响,利用工业生态学中改进的AT&T矩阵系统评价方法,结合硼砂企业生产实际,对加压碱解法及碳碱法两种硼砂制取工艺过程进行了量化评估及特性对比。通过因子-累积环境效应对比得出,两种工艺的材料、能耗点差异小,但它们的固废点、液废点、气废点差异较大。由于受多种因素影响,二者在流程上都比较紧凑,两种工艺的碱分解率、B2O3总收率和碱利用率都较高。阶段-累积环境效应对比表明,在开采及提取加工阶段,碳碱法的累积环境效应明显小于加压碱解法;在再生处置阶段,两种工艺的资源利用率都偏低,分别为11.5/20、9/20;在工业化探索放大阶段,由于引入清洁生产工艺,碳碱法取得了较好的效果。过程综合指标评价表明,工艺、产品和工厂3种生命周期评价的分值大体呈上升趋势,均是碳碱法较高。依据过程综合指数模型,加压碱解法及碳碱法的过程综合指数分别为49.5%、53.3%。The present paper is to introduce our assessment analysis of the life cycle of borax preparation process byway of quantitative evaluation and contrastive compression with the alkaline degradation method and alkali carbonate method. At the same time, we have also analyzed the impact of the preparation methods on the resource env-i ronment and the in-situ condition of borax production fromthe point of view of the industrial eco-environment. The results prove that through the contrastive analysis of the factor-cumulative environmental effects on the material and energy consumption, no much difference can be found between the alkaline degradation method and alkali carbonate method, and neither is found the difference among the solid waste point, liquid waste point, and gaswaste from the point of viewof the production processing methods. However, the alkali decomposition rate, the total yield of B2O3and the alkali utilization rate tend all to be higher due tothe effects of a number of factors. Throughthe stagecumulative environmental effect contrastive analysis, it can be seen that the cumulative effect of alkali carbonate method on the eco-env-i ronmental health is obviously minor in mining and extraction processing stage. However, the resource utilization of the two processing methods are less efficient. To be exact, the decomposing rate of the compressive alkaline-degradation method and alkali carbonate method are 11.5/20 and 9/20 in regeneration disposal stage, respectively. Due to the introduction of cleaner production technology, the alkali carbonate method proves to be able to produce better effects in the industrialized exploration amplification stage. However, the comprehensive index evaluation of the compressive process method of alkaline degradation and alkali carbonate method indicate thatthe overall score of FLCA （Factory Life Cycle Assessment） is high. Whereas the decomposition rate of the alkaline degradation method and the alkali carbonate method are 55% and 58.5%, respectively, those of alkaline d

关 键 词：环境工程学 硼砂 加压碱解法 碳碱法 生命周期评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]