铅酸蓄电池厂对环境及人体铅负荷的影响  

Impact of lead-acid battery manufacturers on the environment and human lead burden

作　　者：潘丽波[1] 张金良[1] 刘玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第3期141-146,共6页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB525005);中国环境科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2009KYYW19)

摘　　要：通过《中国知网》、Science Direct、PubMed、Google Scholar等数据库筛选1990—2011年发表的关于我国铅酸蓄电池企业对周边环境、职业人群及周围人群影响的文献44篇,涉及我国15个省的34个城市,分析了我国铅酸蓄电池厂生产环境和周围环境状况及对人体铅负荷的影响。结果表明：作业环境中铅尘和铅烟的平均水平分别为0.032-2.880 mg/m^3和0.027-0.710 mg/m^3,超标率分别为0-100.0%和25.0%-95.6%;职业工人的血铅和尿铅的平均水平分别为138.0-869.4μg/L和0.28-1.24μmol/L,超过职业接触限制的比例分别为0-100.0%和4.8%-74.4%;铅酸蓄电池厂周围大气、地表水和土壤中的铅水平分别为0.000 4-1 420.0 mg/m^3、0.003-29.925mg/L、0.05-2 980.00 mg/kg;铅酸蓄电池厂周边儿童的血铅平均水平为91.20-531.68μg/L,血铅超过100μg/L的比例为8.9%-97.1%。我国铅酸蓄电池厂车间生产环境中铅污染严重,职业工人体内铅负荷较高;厂区周围环境受到不同程度的污染,以大气污染最为严重;儿童体内血铅水平较高,儿童的健康受到不同程度的危害。The present paper intends to view and summary impact of lead-acid battery manufacturers on the environment and human lead burden based on the articles published from 1990 to 2011.To make this summary,we have searched the articles on the lead pollution and human body load through the dataset of CNKI,Science Direct database,PUBMED and Google Scholar.Finally,we have chosen 45 articles and surveys on the lead-acid battery manufacturers,including 34 battery manufacturers from 34 cities in 15 provinces of the country.The range of the average lead dust and lead fume reported in the workplace stands 0.032-2.880 mg/m^3 and 0.027-0.710 mg/m^3,respectively,which exceeded the national standard limitation with proportion of 0-100.0% and 25.0%-95.6%.The reported average blood lead levels（BLLs） and urinary lead level of workers were 138.0-869.4 μg/L and 0.28-1.24 μmol/L.Of them,0-100.0% and 4.8%-74.4% were higher than the general occupational exposure limits.The lead concentrations in the atmosphere,surface water and soil around the lead-acid battery manufacturers were 0.000 4-1 420.0 mg/ m^3,0.003-29.925 mg/L and 0.05-2 980.00 mg/kg,respectively.The average BLLs of children nearby lead-acid battery manufacturers were 91.20-531.68 μg/L,the percentage of elevated blood lead level was 8.9%-97.1%.All those suggested that there were series lead pollution in the workshops of lead-acid battery factories,China.The burden of lead for workers is higher,too.In addition,the surroundings nearby the battery factory have been contaminated by lead as well.The BLL among children living around the battery factory was higher than those living in urban or rural areas free from lead-emission industrious enterprise.

关 键 词：环境卫生学 铅酸蓄电池厂 铅污染 生产环境 血铅 尿铅 

分 类 号：R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学] R134[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]