5种外来菊科植物对根际土壤微生物群落和酶活性的影响  

Effects of five alien Compositae plants on the growth of the microbial community of the rh-i zosphere and the soil’s enzyme activity

作　　者：何兵[1] 李睿玉[1] 张红[1] 马丹炜[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学细胞生物学研究室,成都610101

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第3期176-180,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：四川省教育厅面上项目(11ZB077);四川省教育厅重点项目(132A0143)

摘　　要：以根际土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性为指标,比较了加拿大飞篷(Erigeron canadensis)、三叶鬼针草(Bidens pilosa)、辣子草(Galinso-ga parviflora)、野茼蒿(Crassocephalum crepidioides)、钻形紫菀(Aster subu-latus)5种菊科外来植物对土壤生态系统的影响。结果表明,5种菊科外来植物的根际细菌、真菌总量较对照增高,其中加拿大飞篷根际土壤中的真菌数量显著高于对照(p<0.05),说明该种入侵植物根际土壤中真菌被根系分泌物刺激增长明显;放线菌数量差异不明显。加拿大飞篷、辣子草、三叶鬼针草、野茼蒿的根际土壤脲酶活性、土壤蔗糖转化酶活性显著高于对照(p<0.05),而纤维素酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶活性同对照相比无显著差异。通过对综合指数的隶属函数和土壤肥力影响指数的分析可知,5种外来菊科植物在黄壤类荒地中生长,其中三叶鬼针草、加拿大飞篷、辣子草可明显影响土壤养分提供能力,更好地适应土壤条件。The paper is engaged in a comparative study of the effects of five alien Compositae plants on the growth of the microbial community of the rhizosphere and the soil’s enzyme activity. Taking the soil microbial quantity in the rhizosphere and the enzyme activity as influential factors, we have accomplished a comparative study of five alien Compositae plants ofErigeron Canadensis, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parviflora, Crassocephalum crepidioidesandAster subulatus（imported from Canada） in hoping to find the effects on the soil ecological env-i ronment as well as the interactions between the alien plants and the soil ecosystem on the brown soils. The results of our comparison have shown thatthe volume and kinds of bacteria tend to have dominant effect, followed by actinomycetes, with fungi being the least. Moreover, the volume of bacteria and fungi in the rhizosphere in the five alien Compositae plants turns to be largerthan that the control group. The number of fungi in rhzosphere ofErigeron Canadensisproves significantly higher than the control group （p0.05）, which indicates the fungi in rhizosphere of this alien plantwere simulated dramatically by the root exudates. However, there was no difference in the number of actinomycetes. The urease inErigeron Canadensis, Bidenspilosa, Galinsoga parvifloraandCrassocephalum crepidioidesproves to be much more active than the control. In addition, the ability of n-i trogen supply tends to be varied in rhizosphere,while the activity of soil invertase inErigeron Canadensis, Bidens pilosa, Galinsoga parvifloraandCrassocephalum crepidioidesturns out to be greater as compared with the control group. On the other hand, the data resulted from our research indicate no difference in the activities of cellulase, catalase and nitrate reductase. Therefore, the soil enzyme activities （urease, invertase） and the soil microbial quantity can be found to reflect the extent of alien compositae plants in the soil to a great extent. By analyzing the comprehensive data and the influen

关 键 词：生态学 菊科入侵植物 土壤微生物数量 根际土壤 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：Q143[生物学—生态学]