人群疏散基础数据采集方法及其应用研究  

Basic method of collecting the data of the crowds under evacuation and its application

作　　者：葛晓霞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队学院消防指挥系,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《安全与环境学报》2013年第3期264-268,共5页Journal of Safety and Environment

基　　金：国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAK08B02)

摘　　要：人群疏散基础数据的采集方法是关系到数据精准程度的关键。根据人群数据特点及数据采集的需要提出了数据采集场地应具备的条件及现场布置的具体方法,指出了最佳观测角度的选取方式和在不同时间段获取基础数据应涵盖的人群特性指标。针对所获取的视频资料,提出了按照行人运动轨迹计算行走距离的方法,并在此基础上进一步规范了行走速度、人流密度和通行系数的数据处理方法。利用该方法分别对某地铁站中的人群在水平通道及楼梯上的速度进行采集。结果表明,该方法所得数据与国外研究数据有较好的一致性。The paper is to present a basic methodwe haveworked out involving the data collection of the crowd of people evacuated and its application in rescue practice of fire or other accidents. According to the demands of the crowd evacuation characteristics and data acquis-i tion, we have carefully discussed the rationality of the method selection for observation from a definite angle, while pointing out the choice of the observation period. Our study shows that the observation perspective should be chosen and fixed on a position with an open view and a certain changeable height and breadth for a broad-view observation. Once the observation periodwas decided, close attentionshould be attached into the basic datawhich can be acquired fromthe different observation periods and can cover a variety of the characteristic indexes of the crowd under excavation. In addition, the observation point should be chosen atthe top of the observatory area, so as to form a vantage perspective. For example, it is recommended to use a grid of 60 mm×60 mmto divide the field, sothatthe data be easyto collect, sort out for prompt analysis. According to the video data that can be obtained on the observation spot, we have adopted the method to work outthe passing distances of the evacuated crowd so as to draw their moving trajectory. That is to say, the screenshot should be done once every 10 seconds so as to capture the two dimensional coord-i nates of the observed targetwhich are relative to the original point （or the previous cu-t off point）. The records should be kept on until the target move out of the observation area. In doing so, itwould be possible to obtain the pedestrian track by using the node method, with the walking distance calculated through the node spacing plus the node spacing method. Based on the above situation, we have described the data processing methods of the walking speed, the crowd density and the excavators’moving rate. However, it is still necessary to pay attention to the problems on how andwhen towork out t

关 键 词：安全工程 疏散 基础数据 采集方法 

分 类 号：X928.03[环境科学与工程—安全科学]