LXR对胆固醇稳态影响的研究进展  

Recent Advance of LXR Affect on Cholesterol Homeostasis

作　　者：叶航羊[1] 王菲[1] 刘小花[1] 郭冬妹[1] 江渝[1] 

机构地区：[1]第三军医大学基础部生物化学与分子生物学教研室,重庆400038

出　　处：《现代生物医学进展》2013年第18期3584-3586,共3页Progress in Modern Biomedicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(81270363)

摘　　要：胆固醇是细胞膜的重要组成部分,构成生命的基本分子之一,也是胆汁酸和类固醇激素合成的底物,其代谢平衡受到诸多因素的精密调节。虽然胆固醇是细胞和人体生理功能所必需的,但血清总胆固醇增高可导致2型糖尿病、高胆固醇血症以及动脉粥样硬化等疾病。肝X受体(LXR)是一种重要的细胞核受体,是配体依赖的转录因子,包含LXRα和LXRβ两种亚型,LXRα在肝脏、小肠、巨噬细胞、脂肪组织中均有表达,而LXRβ有着广泛的表达。LXR与视黄醇类X受体结合后,形成异二聚体,刺激靶基因的表达。激活的LXR通过调节肠道对饮食胆固醇的吸收、肝脏对胆固醇的合成和降解以及胆汁酸的代谢,控制着胆固醇稳态。此外,LXR还参与调节脂肪形成、糖代谢、巨噬细胞的天然免疫和炎症反应等生理活动。因此,LXRs有望成为治疗动脉粥样硬化、阿尔茨海默氏等疾病的药物靶点。Cholesterol is an important part of the cell membraneas,which is one of the basic molecular building blocks of life as well as the substrate for bile acid and steroid hormone synthesis,and it is regulated by many factors.Although cholesterol is required for normal cellular and physiological function,increased serum total cholesterol can lead to type 2 diabetes,high cholesterol,atherosclerosis and other diseases.Liver X receptor（LXR） is an important nuclear receptor,which is a ligand-dependent transcription factor and two LXR isotypes,LXRαand LXRβ,have been identified.LXRα is expressed in tissues with a high metabolic activity,including liver,adipose and macrophages,whereas LXRβ is ubiquitously expressed.LXRs regulate gene transcription by binding as heterodimers with retinoid X receptor.The activation of LXRs plays an important role in controlling cholesterol homeostasis by regulating the intestinal absorption of dietary cholesterol、liver cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake,Bile acid metabolism.In addition,LXR also involved in the regulation of adipogenesis,glucose metabolism,natural immune and inflammatory responses of macrophages and other physiological activities.Therefore,the ability of LXRs to integrate metabolic and inflammatory signaling makes them particularly attractive targets for intervention in human atherosclerosis and Alzheimer＇s disease.

关 键 词：LXR 胆固醇 代谢 

分 类 号：Q548.1[生物学—生物化学]