天然气低碳催化燃烧特性与应用  

Summary on Characteristics and Applications for Low-Carbon Catalytic Combustion of Natural Gas

作　　者：张世红[1] Valerie Dupont Alan Williams 

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学,北京100044 [2]Energy and Resources Research Institute at The University of Leeds,UK

出　　处：《前沿科学》2013年第2期4-11,共8页Frontier Science

基　　金：北京市供热;供燃气;通风与空调工程重点实验室基金;The Overseas Research Students Awards (joint funding The University of Leeds and the UK's Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council)

摘　　要：催化燃烧反应较低的活化能容许反应在贫碳氢化合物浓度下发生,因此绝热反应的温度低于NOx形成的限制,并完全氧化,不形成CO和未完全燃烧的碳氢化合物,燃烧发生在常规气相易燃极限之外,因此燃烧更加稳定。根据分步化学机理方法模拟出的结果可以得出,铂表面的异相反应抑制了气相氧化反应的程度,并且提高了单相点燃的表面温度。在此理论的指导下,进行了多种天然气催化燃烧装置的设计和研究,催化燃烧过程可达到近零污染排放。作为低碳战略,对天然气催化燃烧锅炉、烤箱和炉窑的应用前景进行了讨论。Lower activation energies of combustion reaction allows reactions occurring at very small hydrocarbons concentration in air, therefore the adiabatic reaction temperature is very low and below the threshold of NOx formation. Oxidation can be complete even when at extremely small fuel concentrations in air, therefore products--CO and unburned hydrocarbons of incomplete combustion do not form. Combustion can occur outside of normal gas phase flammability limits, therefore the combustion can be more stable. According to the modelling results obtained with the detailed chemical mechanism, the Pt surface reactions inhibited in several ways the extent of the gas-phase oxidation and increased the surface temperature of homogeneous ignition. Due to the theory, several catalytic combustion burners of natural gas were designed and studied. The operating conditions verified ＂near zero＂ pollutant emissions that only a catalytic combustion process can achieve at present. As low-carbon strategies, the application prospect of national gas catalytic combustion boiler, oven and furnace were discussed.

关 键 词：低碳催化燃烧 近零污染物排放 节约燃料 应用 

分 类 号：TQ51[化学工程] TK16[动力工程及工程热物理—热能工程]