强度干扰后退化森林生态系统中保留木的生态效应研究综述  

A review of ecological effects of remnant trees in degraded forest ecosystems after severe disturbances

作　　者：缪宁[1] 刘世荣[2] 史作民[2] 马姜明[3] 王晖[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学生命科学学院,生物资源与生态环境教育部重点实验室,成都610065 [2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [3]广西师范大学生命科学学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《生态学报》2013年第13期3889-3897,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31200477);国家“十一五”和“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD22B01,2006BAD03A04)资助

摘　　要：保留木是指森林生态系统受到强度干扰后所存留的树木,保留木对退化森林生态系统结构与功能的维持和恢复具有多方面的生态效应。在生态系统的尺度上总结了退化森林生态系统中保留木的各种生态效应,主要包括保留木对非生物因子和生物因子(附生生物多样性、动物活动和动物多样性、树木更新、空间结构)的影响。森林生态系统经营中,"绿树保留"的经营方式是基于保留木生态效益的实践应用,它可有效减少采伐对生态系统结构和功能所造成的损失。并将有助于深入理解受到强度干扰后森林生态系统中保留木的多种生态效应,可为退化森林生态系统的恢复与重建提供理论依据。Remnant trees,which remain as a biological legacy in degraded forest ecosystems after severe disturbances,have been found to have had many positive ecological effects on the maintenance and recovery of ecosystem structure and functions.Remnant trees serve to reduce the impacts of human disturbances such as logging and habitat transformation on elements of biodiversity.This paper presents an overview on the main ecological effects of remnant trees on abiotic and biotic factors in degraded forest ecosystems based on relevant studies.With regard to abiotic factors,usually,remnant trees serve to regulate local micro-climate and site conditions and improve soil microbial activities and soil nutrient cycle through input of litter from leaves,branches,fruits,etc.However,the effects of remnant trees on the preservation of non-biological environments and improvement of micro-habitat conditions vary significantly in different forest ecosystems.With regard to impact on biotic factors,first,remnant trees in fields may facilitate natrual regeneration by attracting seed dispersers and creating favorable site conditions for re-establishment of woody vegetation.Remnant trees serve as seed dispersal foci and thus as starting points of a spatial pattern process initiating forest regeneration.These forest regeneration foci of remnant trees enhance the recruitment of trees and further influence the spatial pattern and structure of forest regeneration of these ecosystems and consequently increase the complexity of community structure.In addition,remnant trees also provide favorable microhabitats for the establishment of seedlings of late-successional tree species.Therefore,remnant trees,by the establishment of focal points of forest regeneration,facilitate a more rapid forest restoration and the conservation of nutrients in the accumulation of woody plant biomass.Second,remnant trees may have positive effects on the re-establishment of forest birds and mammals by providing suitable habitats,which have largely been lost in most seriou

关 键 词：保留木 退化森林 生态效应 干扰 森林生态系统 恢复 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]