大气干旱对黑河中游灌区玉米叶片气体交换特征的影响  

Effect of Atmospheric Drought on Maize Leaf Gas Exchange Characteristic in the Midstream Irrigation District of Heihe River

作　　者：有德宝[1] 黄绿君[2] 杨新民[1] 温学发[2] 王建林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学旱作技术重点实验室,山东青岛266109 [2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《青岛农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2013年第1期16-21,共6页Journal of Qingdao Agricultural University(Natural Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171500;91125002)

摘　　要：在大气干旱与不干旱条件下,以甘肃张掖玉米自335号品种为研究对象,对玉米苗期叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、水分利用效率对大气干旱与不干旱条件下光强的响应及光合特性指标间相关性进行研究。结果表明:在低光照强度(<1200μmol.m-2.s-1)下,光合速率均随光强的增大而增大,在高光强强度(>1200μmol.m-2.s-1)下,这种增长趋势逐渐减弱。蒸腾速率随光照强度的增大而增加,当光强超过1200μmol.m-2.s-1时不干旱的蒸腾速率趋于稳定(10.79 mmol.m-2.s-1),而干旱处理蒸腾速率继续增加,且两者间差异显著。大气干旱条件下的气孔导度低于不干旱条件,且随着光强的增大,两者的差异逐渐减小。水分利用效率均随光强的增大而增大,增大到一定程度后稳定在某一定值左右,大气干旱条件下的水分利用效率低于不干旱条件。光合速率与蒸腾速率以及气孔导度因气体交换的同步性具有良好的耦合性,但大气干旱对蒸腾速率的影响相对于对光合速率的影响更强烈。Under the conditions of atmospheric drought and no drought,we took maize inbred lines 335 as the object of study.Studying the response of photosynthesis rate,transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and water use efficiency to light intensity in maize seedling period,researching the relativity to each photosynthetic characteristic.It showed that photosynthetic rates was increasing with increasing light intensity under lower light intensity（ 1200 μmol.m-2.s-1） and this trend decreased under higher light intensity（1200 μmol.m-2.s-1）.Transpiration rate was increasing with increasing light intensity and it remained stable（10.79 mmol.m-2.s-1） when light intensity over 1200 μmol.m-2.s-1,while transpiration rate remained increasing under atmospheric drought,there was significant difference between them.Stomatal conductance was lower under atmospheric drought than no drought,and the variance reduced with increasing light intensity.Water use efficiency increased with increasing light intensity and then remained stable.Water use efficiency was lower under atmospheric drought than no drought.The rate of photosynthesis with the rate of transpiration and stomatal conductance had remarkable relations because of in-phase of gas exchange,but the effect of atmospheric drought to transpiration rate was more direct and intense than that to photosynthetic rate.

关 键 词：玉米 大气干旱 光合特性 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S314[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]