雾和气溶胶的光学特性对前向散射和总散射能见度仪性能的影响  

Effect of atmospheric fog and aerosal optical properties on the performance of FSVM and TSVM

作　　者：李浩[1] 陈晓颖[1,2] 单陈华 唐丽萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象海洋学院,江苏南京211101 [2]东南大学仪器科学与工程学院,江苏南京210096 [3]解放军第95871部队,湖南衡阳421002

出　　处：《红外与激光工程》2013年第6期1568-1574,共7页Infrared and Laser Engineering

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK201122185)

摘　　要：建立了完整的散射式能见度仪(SVM)探测方程,搜集整理了典型天气条件下雾和气溶胶的观测资料,在此基础上,运用米散射理论计算并分析了雾和气溶胶的光散射特性及其对前向散射能见度仪(FSVM)和总散射能见度仪(TSVM)探测性能的影响。结果表明:大气散射特性显著影响SVM的探测误差,且FSVM受影响程度超过TSVM;雾天气下FSVM与TSVM的探测误差基本相当,而气溶胶天气下FSVM探测误差比TSVM约大6%;相同天气条件下,TSVM接收的光通量约为FSVM的7倍,但TSVM泄露的散射光仍不能忽略,否则将导致较大的系统误差;若不计光通量测量误差,雾天气下FSVM与TSVM的探测误差分别为4.06%、5.54%,气溶胶天气下分别为35.80%、30.33%。所得结果可为SVM的光路设计、误差分析和比对试验等提供支持。A complete detection model of scattering visibility meter （SVM） was established and the sounding data of fog and aerosol under the typical weather conditions were gathered. On this basis, a calculation of the light scattering characteristics of atmosphere fog and aerosol based on Mie scattering theory was presented. It emphatically analyzed and simulated the light scattering characteristics and its influence on the detection performance of forward scattering visibility meter （FSVM） and total scattering visibility meter （TSVM）. The results show that atmospheric scattering characteristics have significant effect on the sounding error of SVM, and FSVM are more affected by them than TSVM; The sounding error of FSVM was similar to TSVM in fog conditions and is approximately 6% bigger than that of TSVM in aerosol conditions; The luminous flux is received from TSVM which is about 7 times more than from FSVM under the same atmosphere conditions, but the scattered light leaking from TSVM must not been still ignored to avoid very large system error; The sounding errors of FSVM and TSVM are approximately 4.06% and 5.54% respectively in fog conditions, and are approximately 35.806% and 30.33% respectively in aerosol conditions if the sounding error of luminous flux is ignored. The results are valuable to optical path design of SVM, error analysis and antitheses tests.

关 键 词：散射 能见度 前向散射能见度仪 总散射能见度仪 测量误差 

分 类 号：P412.17[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]