澳大利亚土著保护政策评述  

A Review on the Aboriginal Protection Policy in Australia

作　　者：杨洪贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学历史文化学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《苏州科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2013年第3期73-80,共8页Journal of University of Science and Technology of Suzhou:Social Science

基　　金：国家社科基金后续资助项目(11FSS011)

摘　　要：澳大利亚土著保护试验始于19世纪30年代。随着殖民过程的完成,19世纪60年代以后澳大利亚各殖民地(州、领地)相继颁布法律,建立土著保留地或布道所,任命土著保护官或组建保护委员会,救济和控制土著居民,全面确立土著保护政策。保护政策是在土著"注定灭绝"的观念下实施的,其目的在于试图将土著隔离在保留地或布道所,任其自行消亡。然而,人们期待中的土著灭绝不仅没有发生,土著人口反而不断增加。这迫使澳大利亚政府在20世纪30年代改变土著政策,逐步实施文化同化。但是,保护政策时期所确立的土著管理方式却延续到20世纪60年代后期。Aboriginal Australians Protection Policy was first set up in Australia to help ＂protect＂ aboriginals in the 1830s. With the end of colonization, the colonies, namely the states or territories, in Australia enacted laws one after another with the aim to protect the indigenous people in an all-around way, by creating aboriginal reservations or stations, and es-tablishing protection committees or appointing protection official to relieve and control them. Based on the concept of ＂a doomed race＂, the protection policy was implemented with the attempt to confine the aboriginals to their so-called reser- vations or stations, letting them die out. However, after the implementation of the policy, the extinction of the race did not happne as had been expected. On the contrary, the aboriginal population kept increasing instead. After the 1930s, the Australian Federal Government had to give up their ＂protection policy＂ and adopt the policy of gradual cultural assimila- tion to the aboriginal. However, the management system established during the protection policy period continued to ex-ist until late in the 1960s.

关 键 词：澳大利亚土著 保护政策 控制 隔离 

分 类 号：K611[历史地理—历史学]