西洋参、人参与其伪品和劣质品的鉴别研究  

Study on identification of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and their adulterants and inferiors

作　　者：张立新[1] 周晓英[1] 周世玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都市食品药品检测中心,四川成都610045

出　　处：《现代医药卫生》2013年第11期1651-1652,1655,共3页Journal of Modern Medicine & Health

摘　　要：目的对西洋参、人参药材进行质量考察,鉴别其伪品和劣质品,以防临床误用。方法采用性状、薄层色谱法结合含量测定对其进行定性、定量分析。结果与西洋参比较,人参的主根较长,支根较多,分叉角度小;表皮粗糙,纵皱纹粗大、明显;质地略轻,较易折断,断面粉性强,多具放射状裂隙;薄层鉴别不含拟人参皂苷F11,含人参皂苷Rf;含量测定含人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总量不得少于0.30%,人参皂苷Rb1不得少于0.20%。而与劣质人参相比,表面灰黄色,质地较硬,断面黄白色,棕黄色环纹及黄棕色的点状树脂道多而明显;香气特异,味微苦、甘;薄层鉴别应检出人参、人参皂苷Rf及Rb1、Re、Rg1特征斑点;含人参皂苷Rg1和人参皂苷Re的总量不得少于0.30%,人参皂苷Rb1不得少于0.20%。结论综合以上方法能有效鉴别西洋参及人参的真伪优劣。Objective To investigate the quality of medicinal material Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Radix Panacis Quinquefolii and to identify their adulterants and inferiors for preventing the clinical misuse. Methods The qualitative and quantitative analysis on Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Radix Panacis Quinquefolii was conducted by the characters of the raw medicinal materials, thin-layer chromatography （TLC） combined with the content determination. Results Compared with Radix Panacis Quinquefolii,Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma has longer main root and more branch roots with small bifurcation angle,the longitudinal wrinkles are thick and big;its epidermis is rough, the texture is slightly light, it is easier to be broken, the cross section appears strong mealiness with radial crannies;in the thin-layer identification,it contains ginsenoside-Rf without pseuoginsenoside F11;in the content determination,the total quantity of ginsenoside-Rgl and ginsenoside-Re should not be less than 0.30% and which of ginsenoside-Rbl should not be less than 0.20%. Compared with the inferiors, Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma has greyish-yellow appearance with hard texture ,yellowish-white cross section and claybank ring-like striae,more yellowish- brown spot-like resin canals are obvious;the fragrance is specific and the taste is slightly bitter sweet;the thin-layer identification should detect the characteristic spots of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma,ginsenoside-Rf,Rbl,Re and Rgl;the total quantity of ginsenoside-Rgl ,Re should not be less than 0.30% ,which of ginsenoside-Rbl should not be less than 0.20%. Conclusion Integrating the above-mentioned methods can effectively identify the true or false in nature and good or bad in quality of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma and Radix Panacis Quinquefolii.

关 键 词：西洋参 人参属 中药伪品 劣质品 

分 类 号：R996[医药卫生—毒理学]