广州市番禺区2005-2011年麻疹疫情分析及防制对策  

Analysis and strategy of measles epidemic from 2005 to 2011 in Panyu district of Guangzhou

作　　者：邓伟均[1] 陈光艳[1] 王晓捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市番禺区疾病预防控制中心,广东511400

出　　处：《医学动物防制》2013年第7期748-750,754,共4页Journal of Medical Pest Control

摘　　要：目的掌握近年来番禺区麻疹流行特征和流行因素,为制定和调整消除麻疹策略提供参考依据。方法对2005-2011年麻疹疫情监测资料进行流行病学描述和分析。结果 2005-2011年网络直报系统共报告确诊麻疹病例数1504例,年均发病率为120.37/100万,其中2010年确诊麻疹病例数10例,2011年确诊麻疹病例数1例,发病率跟前5年比较急剧下降,从2006年的最高发病率(368.31/100万)降至2011年的0.56/100万。4～8月为发病的高峰季节,病例主要集中在外来人口比较密集的市桥街、大石、南村和石基镇。麻疹病例人群分布以散居儿童为主,占55.78%;病例的年龄分布主要集中在<10岁年龄组,占病例总数的72.80%。根据全省统一部署,广州市番禺区在2006年、2007年及2008年进行了麻疹疫苗的查漏补种,2009年及2010年进行了大规模的强化免疫活动,历次接种率达到95%以上。结论通过2006年、2007年及2008年的查漏补种和2009-2010年两轮的强化,麻疹疫情迅速得到遏制,在保持较高常规免疫覆盖率的基础上实施麻疹的查漏补种及初始强化是提高人群麻疹免疫水平、减少易感人群的比例和实现2012年消除麻疹目标的关键。Objective To master the measles epidemic feature and factors of Panyu district in recent years, so as to provide reference to formulate and adjust the measles elimination strategy. Methods The measles outbreak surveillance data from 2005 to 2011 were analyzed by epidemiological descriptive method. Results A total of 1 504 diagnosed measles cases were reported in the direct network reporting system from 2005 to 2011. The average annual incidence rate was 120. 37/1 000 000, including 10 cases of confirmed measles cases in 2010, and only one case in 2011. There was a sharp decline of the measles incidence in 2011 compared to the previous five years. The incidence from the highest 368.31/1 000 000 in 2006 declined to 0. 56/1 000 000 in 2011. Results showed that the peak of incidence reached from April to August. Cases were mainly concentrated in towns that of dense migrant population, such as Shiqiao Street, Dashi Town, Nancun Town and Shiqi Town. The population distribution of measles cases was mainly concentrated in the scattered children, accounting for 55.78%. The age distribution of measles cases was mainly concentrated in the 0 - 10 years old age group, accounting for 72. 80%. According to the unified deployment of Guangdong Province, Panyu dis- trict performed the measles vaccine leak replant activities from 2006 to 2008, and carried out large measles im- munization activities in 2009 and 2010. The rates of measles vaccination were more than 95%. Conclusions Activities of measles vaccine leak replant from 2006 to 2008 and large measles immunization activities from 2009 to 2010 received good effects. There was a pretty well control in the measles epidemic. Based on a high rate of routine immunization coverage, activities of measles vaccine leak replant and large measles immunization are the keys to improve the level of measles immunization in the population, reduce the rate of susceptible population and achieve the goal of measles elimination in 2012.

关 键 词：麻疹 流行特征 防制对策 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]