海运温室气体减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响  

The Impact of Market-based Mechanism for GHG Emission Reduction on Liner's Operation

作　　者：顾伟红[1] 王丹[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学交通运输学院,上海201306

出　　处：《中国航海》2013年第2期100-104,共5页Navigation of China

基　　金：中国清洁发展机制基金赠款项目(1213094-2)

摘　　要：班轮运输中船舶航速快,燃油消耗费用在成本中占比高。因此,与燃油消耗量密切相关的"海运温室气体减排市场机制"的实施将使班轮运输受到的影响较其他运输方式大。为研究减排市场机制对班轮经营的影响,比较了目前在国际海事组织讨论的三类主要市场机制的运行特征,分析了它们对海运运输成本的影响途径以及因实施海运排放交易体系(METS)和国际海运温室气体基金机制(GHG FUND)而产生的碳成本。在此基础上,定量分析了集装箱班轮航线经营中不同船型、航速情景下,实施市场机制产生的碳成本随燃油价格和碳价格变化的规律。结果表明,在班轮航线上,为降低温室气体排放而降低航速,尽管使投入船舶增多,但整体营运效益得到改善。高速、大型船舶减速后带来的成本降低效应比小型、低速船舶来得大。The implementation of market-based mechanism for reducing GHG emission,which is mainly related to fuel consumption,will impact on liner shipping more than other shipping modes due to the faster speed,hence,more fuel consumption.For studying the impact on the operation of liners,the running characteristics of three main market mechanisms currently under consideration by the International Maritime Organization（IMO） are compared,the way of influence and would be carbon cost due to the implementation of METS and GHG FUND are analyzed.The laws of the carbon cost varying with the fluctuation of the fuel price are quantitatively studied against different ship types,ship speeds and ship numbers of fleets.The results show that although decreasing ship speeds for greenhouse gas emission reduction will lead to using more ships on liner routes,it will be positive to overall operational efficiency.The effectiveness of reducing speeds to cost reduction is more noticeable for large and high speed ships than that for smaller and slower ships.

关 键 词：水路运输 温室气体 减排 市场机制 班轮 经营 影响 

分 类 号：U661[交通运输工程—船舶及航道工程]