欧洲港口海运产业集群发展模式  

On European Development Models of Maritime Clusters

作　　者：庄佩君[1] 马仁锋[2] 赵群[3] 

机构地区：[1]宁波大学海运学院,浙江宁波315211 [2]宁波大学建筑工程与环境学院,浙江宁波315211 [3]宁波大学科学技术学院,浙江宁波315212

出　　处：《中国航海》2013年第2期129-134,共6页Navigation of China

基　　金：宁波大学区域经济与社会发展研究院研究项目成果

摘　　要：欧洲有着众多的港口海运业集群,典型的有以伦敦为核心的英国海运服务业集群、以鹿特丹和阿姆斯特丹为中心的荷兰港口与港口服务业集群和以奥斯陆为中心的挪威航运与航运技术集群。梳理发现,港口海运业集群发展的基本模式为:航运和港口资源的历史累积体现了路径依赖,国家政策革新和企业创新是外部动力,解除路径锁定及生产服务于全球航运市场的垄断性产品或规则是核心动力。港航企业集群发展的关键路径是营造发展环境和蓄积专业性知识,完善专项资源配置能力和功能,通过企业成群、产业成链、市场创新,形成多部门、多层次、协调合作、共同提升的国际港口和航运服务体系,提供迅捷而专业的解决方案,引领国际港航服务发展。中国沿海港口产业和港口城市迅猛发展,应科学认识港航集群,多方联动研发创新,促进中国港口海运集群发展。Similar shipping resource endowments with different development routes formed three representative maritime clusters of different types： the London-centered shipping service cluster in U.K.,the Rotterdam-Amsterdam-centered port and logistics service cluster in Netherlands and the Oslo-centered shipping technology service cluster in Norway.The formation and evolution of the maritime clusters indicate that the process is heavily influenced by three factors,namely,the path dependence in shipping/port resource accumulation,the policy innovation of governments and technical innovation of the industry（the external causes）,and the initiative of ports to unlock the historical path,to develop global maritime market oriented services/ regulations and products（core power）.The key to develop maritime clusters is creating a favorite environment and accumulating of expertise to improve the ability of port and shipping resource allocation.The maritime industry of China will stand in front of the world when it is able to provide highly professional supply solutions and contribute to the development of international port and shipping service systems through build maritime clusters and complete industry chains,as well as market innovation and coordinated operation of sectors in different levels.

关 键 词：交通运输经济学 港口海运业集群 欧洲模式 港口产业集群 航运业集群 

分 类 号：U691.1[交通运输工程—港口、海岸及近海工程]