某市2001年至2011年流行性脑脊髓膜炎的流行特征分析  

Analysis of Epidemiological Characteristics of Epidemic Cerebrospinal Meningitis in aCity from 2001 to 2011

作　　者：张俊杰[1] 李宗瑾[1] 杨恒丹[1] 崔振铎[1] 王晓明[1] 魏海涛[1] 杨秋锋[1] 赵克娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]平顶山市疾病预防控制中心,河南平顶山467000

出　　处：《中国医药指南》2013年第17期628-630,共3页Guide of China Medicine

摘　　要：目的探讨平顶山市流行性脑脊髓膜炎流行特征,为完善预防控制措施,有效控制流脑流行提供理论依据。方法对《平顶山市疫情资料汇编》及流行性脑脊髓膜炎监测报告资料等进行描述分析。结果 1957-2011年平顶山市流脑发病总体呈下降态势,期间年平均发病率为4.33/10万,年平均病死率为5.03%,发病以10岁以下年龄段为主,主要集中在7岁以下28例,占40%;15岁以上发病16例,占22.86%,发病随着年龄的增长有逐渐上升的趋势。以学生及散居儿童为主,占87.14%;县(市)发病高于城区;发病呈现明显的季节性,即使在疫苗后时期,疫情仍有周期性波动迹象;2009年发现C群流脑病例,但病例较少,呈高度散发。结论平顶山市流脑发病率呈明显下降趋势,但近年有流行优势菌群变化的可能,提高儿童流脑疫苗的有效接种率是控制流脑流行的关键。Objective The study was designed to understand the epidemiological characteristics of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis and explore strategies for the prevention and control measures in Pingdingshan. Methods Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the epidemic situation and monitoring data. Results A decreasing trend in the morbidity of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis was observed from 1957 to 2011. The annual morbidity was 4.33/100000,and the annual fatality rate was 5.03%. Children under the age of 10 were the susceptible population. 28 cases were the children under the age of 7, accounting for 40.00%,and 16 cases were the children above the age of 15, accounting for 22.86%. The morbidity increased with the rise of age. Pupils and scattered children contributed the most to caseload, accounting for 87.14%. The morbidity was higher in rural area. It showed the obvious seasonal characteristic. Even in the post-vaccine era, there was periodical fluctuation of the epidemic pattern. There were sporadic cases of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis caused by serogroup C in 2009. Conclusion The morbidity of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis has been steadily decreasing in Pingdingshan, but the serogroup-distribution could change. The immunization rate should be improved further for the prevention of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis.

关 键 词：流行病学 流行性脑脊髓膜炎 分析 

分 类 号：R512.3[医药卫生—内科学]