尼罗河三角洲与长江三角洲重金属污染对比研究  

The Comparative Study of Heavy Metal Contamination Between the Nile Delta and the Yangtze Delta

作　　者：顾家伟[1,2] 王灿[2] Alaa Salem 

机构地区：[1]河南教育学院地理系,郑州450014 [2]华东师范大学地理系,上海200062 [3]埃及Kafrelsheikh大学地质系

出　　处：《地球与环境》2013年第3期233-241,共9页Earth and Environment

基　　金：科技部国际合作计划(项目号:5-II-6);河南省科技攻关重点项目(122102310390)联合资助

摘　　要：通过对比研究尼罗河三角洲与长江三角洲重金属污染特征,结果发现前者多数重金属含量高于后者,且尼罗河三角洲富集指数EF值约为长江三角洲3倍。此外,两者重金属分布格局差异明显,尼罗河三角洲呈东西高、中间低的"马鞍形"分布。自阿斯旺建坝后,干旱气候条件和人类活动使得尼罗河三角洲泻湖演变为重金属沉积中心。与之相反,长江三角洲重金属含量向海沿程降低,季风降水和巨量水沙对污染物扩散能力较强,污染水平较低。与世界其他地区河口相比,尼罗河三角洲重金属污染属于中等水平,而长江三角洲属于中下水平。对比研究表明两三角洲重金属物污染分布规律差异与其独特的流域自然条件和人类活动方式有密切关系。In this study the authors attempt to compare the spatial distribution of heavy metals （A1, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn） on the Nile Delta and the Yangtze Delta. The horse-saddle distribution pattern of polluting metals along the Nile coast, as evidenced by the Enrichment Factor （EF）, is closely associated with the regulated runoff to the lower delta plain and coast, where extremely low precipitation occurs. This physical setting is certainly prone to concentrating anthropogenie heavy metals in the lagoons. Since the impoundment of Aswan High Dam the lagoons have evolved into the heavy metals sink. The opposite example is the intensively-cultivated Yangtze Estuary in China, where monsoonal precipitation flushes out a huge a- mount of metals as manifested by the lower EF than that of the Nile. Differences in heavy metals distribution on the two deltas are thought to be closely linked to their unique physical settings and human activities.

关 键 词：尼罗河三角洲 长江三角洲 重金属污染 

分 类 号：P595[天文地球—地球化学] X54[天文地球—地质学]